Laser Tribune China No. 1, 2018
700 fs激光曝光过程中牙髓干细胞的光损伤
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[pdf_filetime] => 1729696922 [s3_key] => 75353-357c2095 [pdf] => LTCHI0118.pdf [pdf_location_url] => https://e.dental-tribune.com/tmp/dental-tribune-com/75353/LTCHI0118.pdf [pdf_location_local] => /var/www/vhosts/e.dental-tribune.com/httpdocs/tmp/dental-tribune-com/75353/LTCHI0118.pdf [should_regen_pages] => 1 [pdf_url] => https://epaper-dental-tribune.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/75353-357c2095/epaper.pdf [pages_text] => Array ( [1] => 激光论坛 LASER TRIBUNE 香港,2018年9月28日出版 会员资料 第18卷第9期 700 fs激光曝光过程中牙髓干细胞的光损伤 [德国] Karsten König & Anton Kasenbacher 材料和方法 细胞 将成人牙髓中提取的人干细胞(由 S.Gronthos,NIH,贝塞达斯,美国提供) 培养在Gibco BRL生命科技公司(苏格兰佩 斯利)的1/8改良的Eagle’s培养基中,加入 20%FCS,2mML-谷氨酰胺,100μML-抗坏 血酸-2-磷酸酯,100μM青霉素和100μg/ ml链 霉素在5%CO 2和37℃下在25ml和75ml细胞 培养物中的溶液(Greiner,Frickenhausen,德 国)。处理细胞进行实验,并在37℃用0.25% 胰 蛋 白 酶 , 5mM葡 萄 糖 , 0.05% EDTA的 PBS溶液培养5分钟。 从培养基底部分离后, 将细胞在细胞室(MiniCeM,JenLab GmbH, Jena,德国)中进行激光显微镜检查。 之前在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞上进 行过比较研究,这些细胞在许多国际实验室 都作为参考细胞。 将CHO细胞在含有10%FCS,L-谷氨酰 胺和青霉素、链霉素和两性霉素B的抗生素 混合物的Dulbeccos HAM-F12培养基(Gibco BRL)中并且是5%CO 2和37℃下孵育。胰蛋 白酶化与干细胞相对应。 个别细胞在外部玻璃窗上有特殊的菱形 图1:飞秒激光系统与脉冲拉伸装置。 雕刻。在检测细胞损伤的情况下,利用相衬 技术可以很容易地定位这些雕刻。 中心波长处实现的。在辐照后,细胞被转移到 培养箱中,以保证进一步生长、细胞分裂和修 激光显微镜 复过程的最佳条件。 80 MHz Ti:Sa激光,Mai Tai (0spectral - physics, Mountain View, USA)在近红外光 脉冲拉伸装置,产生和测量700 fs脉冲 谱(NIR)中应用于飞秒激光显微术。使用 为了将样品的脉冲持续时间提高到 测量仪器Fieldmaster(Coherent,Santa Clara, 700fs,在显微镜前的光路中实现了脉冲链路 USA)和测量头LM2确定显微镜入口和物镜平 单元。该装置由镀膜反射镜和两个平行排列 面(样品的功率)处的激光功率,并且在必 的镀金光栅组成,光栅常数为600行/毫米。第 要时通过灰色滤光片进行变化。所测量的值 二个光栅被安装在一个具有微米精度的机动台 是在提交的协议中被指定的。与空气相比, 面上。脉冲宽度随光栅距离的变化而变化。激 这种校正来自有限的测量区域并且改变了介 光束通过第一个光栅接收到空间色散,在第二 质中的辐射条件。 个光栅处进行补偿(图1)。 激光显微镜是通过改进的LSM 410( 脉冲持续时间最初是在MINI(APE,柏 ZEISS,Jena,德国)用40x / 1.3油浸物镜实 林,德国)自动相机的激光出口处用中心发射 现的。激光扫描时间t = 16s的显微镜扫描方式 波长为88fs,在800nm处为80fs,在850nm处为 512×512用于细胞照射。这些细胞在同一焦点 91fs来确定的,假定了高斯函数。一般来说, 平面上被扫描了10次。这些实验是在800nm的 由于发散光束的存在,被测物体焦平面的测量 图2:激光导致的破坏率(致死率)。 www.dentistx.com[2] => LASER TRIBUNE 20 激光论坛 并通过酶促反应转化成强绿色荧光钙黄绿素, 它不能通过完整的膜。乙炔-同型二聚体-D1是 一种红色荧光,即所谓的死细胞染色剂,它只 能穿透受损的细胞膜,并通过与DNA结合而 显著增强。在辐照后,生命/死亡试剂盒被孵 育5.5小时。用双光子激发来实现荧光。 激光诱导的ROS形成的验证 ROS的形成是根据Hockberger等的方法 3a 3b 通过双光子激发确认的原位膜的透水荧光团 3c dihydroflurescein(DHF)。首先,将细胞与 标记物(10μM,Fluka,Germany)一起温 育,并在15分钟后对其辐照。只有一种ROI( 感兴趣的区域)受到辐射。周围的细胞被用 作对照。照射后,以4mW的低功率实现全帧 扫描,以便观察效果。 结果 对脉冲展宽单元进行调整,使每个激光 波长的焦点的脉冲持续时间为700 fs±50 fs。 3d 3e 3f 将单个DPSC细胞扫描10倍,并测定其与未 图3a-f:激光诱导的ROS形成的验证。 被证明是困难的。采用了一个非线性测量二极 辐照的周围细胞的效果。另外,使用CHO细 生命/死亡的测试 下温育20分钟。 胞完成比较实验。为了尽可能地抑制细胞间 管,因此便于在高光圈物镜的焦平面上进行 为了检验牙髓干细胞的活力,应用分子 活细胞被钙黄绿素(绿色光谱的发射) 通讯,选择了广泛分布的细胞或细胞簇。在 测量。自相关函数(ACF)可以用Gauss-, 探针(Eugene, Oregon, USA)进行了测试。 染色,死细胞被乙炔-同型二聚体-D1染色,在 扫描过程中,检测到传输信号,并将其作为 Lorentz-或Secanthyperbolicus-based分析程序 将 2μM钙 黄 绿 素 AM和 4μM乙 二 胺 二 聚 体 - 红色光谱(细胞核)中排放。钙黄绿素AM是 图像显示在监视器上。共有325个细胞进行 来计算脉冲持续时间。 D1的混合物加入到细胞室中,并在37℃温度 一种非荧光染料,易于渗透活细胞的细胞膜, 形态学检查和生命/死亡试验,50个细胞接受 www.dentistx.com[3] => LASER TRIBUNE 激光论坛 21 表1:DPSC细胞黑点发生 表2:CHO细胞黑点发生 mW 总受辐照细胞 有黑点的细胞 mW 总受辐照细胞 有黑点的细胞 16 10 0 16 10 0 18 10 0 18 10 0 20 69 1 20 69 0 26 72 21 26 72 11 ROS检查。将结果与先前的脉冲宽度为170 fs的结果进行了比较。 形态改变 所谓的黑点是由特定的照射功率参数在 细胞中明显的肉芽形成的位置产生的。激光功 率逐渐增加2mW,以测量出现第一次激光诱 导形态变化的阈值(表1)。在这些条件和最 佳聚焦条件下,DPSC细胞出现黑点的最小功 率为20 mW,CHO细胞为22 mW(表2)。在 26mW的功率下,30%的DPSC细胞和仅15% 的CHO细胞表现出这些形态变化。激光诱导 的黑点细胞通常在接下来的5小时内出现形态 学变化,从而显示出光损伤效应。 生命/死亡测试 首 先 , 用 不 同 的 功 率 参 数 ( 4mW, 12 mW, 1 6mW, 20m W和 3 2mW) 照 射 DPSC细胞。将辐照细胞标记,在5.5小时后用 生命-/死亡试剂盒孵育,孵育1小时后测试其 荧光行为。在20mW的照射下,69个DPSC细 胞中的64个显示出绿色的细胞质荧光,而在 5个DPSC细胞中观察到红色荧光(表3)。这 相当于7%的伤害。当功率提高到26mW时, 已经有35%受到致命的影响。然而,所有的 CHO细胞都耐受20mW的功率,其中15%在 功率为36mW时染色(表4和图2)。与较短 脉冲宽度的实验相比较,其中已经有73%的 DPSC细胞在20mW的功率下被损坏,这表明 细胞更耐受较长的700fs的脉冲宽度。 验证激光诱导形成的ROS(活性氧) 辐照显示,在平均功率低于35mW的情 况下,没有检测到DHF信号。从图3 (a和b的 上部)可以看出,在上部辐照的细胞中,在 37mW的较高功率下检测到ROS信号。在较 低的未照射的细胞中也发生弱的荧光信号。 然而,该细胞通过膜接触与辐照细胞连接。 如果功率只是微不足道地增加,其影响就会变 得更加明显。在图3c中,被照射的细胞显示出 明显更高的强度。这种效应也与辐照细胞的大 量荧光相结合(图3f)。 因此,在700fs的脉 冲持续时间的照射期间形成破坏性的氧自由 www.dentistx.com[4] => LASER TRIBUNE 22 激光论坛 表3:DPSC细胞的死亡情况 表4:CHO细胞的死亡情况 mW 总受辐照细胞数 活细胞 死亡细胞 死亡% mW 总受辐照细胞数 活细胞 死亡细胞 死亡% 16 10 0 0 0 16 10 0 0 0 18 10 0 0 0 18 10 0 0 0 20 69 64 5 7 20 69 68 0 0 26 72 47 25 35 26 72 67 11 14,5 基。与170fs实验相比,平均功率明显较高是 实现可检测的ROS形成所必需的。 结论 DPSC在被描述的辐照条件下,其脉冲宽 度为700fs,比170fs的脉冲宽度短,对辐照的 敏感性较低。平均功率参数为20mW,在辐 照后6小时内,高达10%的细胞会受到致命的 影响。平均功率为26mW时,仍有三分之二 的细胞存活。在较短的脉冲宽度下,所有细 胞都将受到致命的影响。 在更高的脉冲宽度和恒定的脉冲能量下 观察到的较低的灵敏度与在780nm的照射波 长下对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的早期研 究的结果一致。在这些早期的研究中,得出 的结论是损伤是受双光子效应影响的,因此 可以根据公式来预测损伤效应E。 E~P²/t with P:平均激光功率和t:脉冲宽度 与此相比,由于F=700fs / 170 fs=4的脉冲 宽度增加,因此,为了达到同样的破坏性效 果,需要增加因子S=1.7到2的功率。 这个关系不能完全根据所提供的数据来 确定,但可以假定S> 1.25的因子,因为已经有 7%的DPSC细胞死亡,平均功率为16mW,脉 冲持续时间为170fs,但在700fs时需要20mW 来达到同样的效果。 DPSC细胞在700fs的脉冲宽度比CHO细胞 更敏感。在26mW激光功率的暴露下,与35%的 DPSC细胞相比,只有15%的CHO细胞受损。检 测到的ROS形成表明了光化学损伤过程。LT LT 作者信息 Prof. Dr Karsten König Saarland University Campus A5.1, Room 2.35 66123 Saarbrücken,德国 Tel.: +49 681 3023451 k.koenig@blt.uni-saarland.de Dr Anton Kasenbacher Obere Hammerstr. 5 83278 Traunstein,德国 Tel.: +49 861 4692 a.k@ts-net.de www.dentistx.com[5] => IASER TRIBUNE 激光论坛 23 www.dentistx.com[6] => ) [page_count] => 6 [pdf_ping_data] => Array ( [page_count] => 6 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