Laser Tribune China No. 1, 2018Laser Tribune China No. 1, 2018Laser Tribune China No. 1, 2018

Laser Tribune China No. 1, 2018

700 fs激光曝光过程中牙髓干细胞的光损伤

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            [1] => 







激光论坛
LASER TRIBUNE
香港,2018年9月28日出版

会员资料

第18卷第9期

700 fs激光曝光过程中牙髓干细胞的光损伤
[德国] Karsten König & Anton Kasenbacher

材料和方法
细胞
将成人牙髓中提取的人干细胞(由
S.Gronthos,NIH,贝塞达斯,美国提供)
培养在Gibco BRL生命科技公司(苏格兰佩
斯利)的1/8改良的Eagle’s培养基中,加入
20%FCS,2mML-谷氨酰胺,100μML-抗坏
血酸-2-磷酸酯,100μM青霉素和100μg/ ml链
霉素在5%CO 2和37℃下在25ml和75ml细胞
培养物中的溶液(Greiner,Frickenhausen,德
国)。处理细胞进行实验,并在37℃用0.25%
胰 蛋 白 酶 , 5mM葡 萄 糖 , 0.05% EDTA的
PBS溶液培养5分钟。 从培养基底部分离后,
将细胞在细胞室(MiniCeM,JenLab GmbH,
Jena,德国)中进行激光显微镜检查。
之前在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞上进
行过比较研究,这些细胞在许多国际实验室
都作为参考细胞。
将CHO细胞在含有10%FCS,L-谷氨酰
胺和青霉素、链霉素和两性霉素B的抗生素
混合物的Dulbeccos HAM-F12培养基(Gibco
BRL)中并且是5%CO 2和37℃下孵育。胰蛋
白酶化与干细胞相对应。
个别细胞在外部玻璃窗上有特殊的菱形

图1:飞秒激光系统与脉冲拉伸装置。

雕刻。在检测细胞损伤的情况下,利用相衬
技术可以很容易地定位这些雕刻。

中心波长处实现的。在辐照后,细胞被转移到
培养箱中,以保证进一步生长、细胞分裂和修

激光显微镜

复过程的最佳条件。

80 MHz Ti:Sa激光,Mai Tai (0spectral
- physics, Mountain View, USA)在近红外光

脉冲拉伸装置,产生和测量700 fs脉冲

谱(NIR)中应用于飞秒激光显微术。使用

为了将样品的脉冲持续时间提高到

测量仪器Fieldmaster(Coherent,Santa Clara,

700fs,在显微镜前的光路中实现了脉冲链路

USA)和测量头LM2确定显微镜入口和物镜平

单元。该装置由镀膜反射镜和两个平行排列

面(样品的功率)处的激光功率,并且在必

的镀金光栅组成,光栅常数为600行/毫米。第

要时通过灰色滤光片进行变化。所测量的值

二个光栅被安装在一个具有微米精度的机动台

是在提交的协议中被指定的。与空气相比,

面上。脉冲宽度随光栅距离的变化而变化。激

这种校正来自有限的测量区域并且改变了介

光束通过第一个光栅接收到空间色散,在第二

质中的辐射条件。

个光栅处进行补偿(图1)。

激光显微镜是通过改进的LSM 410(

脉冲持续时间最初是在MINI(APE,柏

ZEISS,Jena,德国)用40x / 1.3油浸物镜实

林,德国)自动相机的激光出口处用中心发射

现的。激光扫描时间t = 16s的显微镜扫描方式

波长为88fs,在800nm处为80fs,在850nm处为

512×512用于细胞照射。这些细胞在同一焦点

91fs来确定的,假定了高斯函数。一般来说,

平面上被扫描了10次。这些实验是在800nm的

由于发散光束的存在,被测物体焦平面的测量

图2:激光导致的破坏率(致死率)。

www.dentistx.com


[2] =>
LASER TRIBUNE

20 激光论坛

并通过酶促反应转化成强绿色荧光钙黄绿素,
它不能通过完整的膜。乙炔-同型二聚体-D1是
一种红色荧光,即所谓的死细胞染色剂,它只
能穿透受损的细胞膜,并通过与DNA结合而
显著增强。在辐照后,生命/死亡试剂盒被孵
育5.5小时。用双光子激发来实现荧光。

激光诱导的ROS形成的验证
ROS的形成是根据Hockberger等的方法
3a

3b

通过双光子激发确认的原位膜的透水荧光团

3c

dihydroflurescein(DHF)。首先,将细胞与
标记物(10μM,Fluka,Germany)一起温
育,并在15分钟后对其辐照。只有一种ROI(
感兴趣的区域)受到辐射。周围的细胞被用
作对照。照射后,以4mW的低功率实现全帧
扫描,以便观察效果。

结果
对脉冲展宽单元进行调整,使每个激光
波长的焦点的脉冲持续时间为700 fs±50 fs。
3d

3e

3f

将单个DPSC细胞扫描10倍,并测定其与未

图3a-f:激光诱导的ROS形成的验证。

被证明是困难的。采用了一个非线性测量二极

辐照的周围细胞的效果。另外,使用CHO细
生命/死亡的测试

下温育20分钟。

胞完成比较实验。为了尽可能地抑制细胞间

管,因此便于在高光圈物镜的焦平面上进行

为了检验牙髓干细胞的活力,应用分子

活细胞被钙黄绿素(绿色光谱的发射)

通讯,选择了广泛分布的细胞或细胞簇。在

测量。自相关函数(ACF)可以用Gauss-,

探针(Eugene, Oregon, USA)进行了测试。

染色,死细胞被乙炔-同型二聚体-D1染色,在

扫描过程中,检测到传输信号,并将其作为

Lorentz-或Secanthyperbolicus-based分析程序

将 2μM钙 黄 绿 素 AM和 4μM乙 二 胺 二 聚 体 -

红色光谱(细胞核)中排放。钙黄绿素AM是

图像显示在监视器上。共有325个细胞进行

来计算脉冲持续时间。

D1的混合物加入到细胞室中,并在37℃温度

一种非荧光染料,易于渗透活细胞的细胞膜,

形态学检查和生命/死亡试验,50个细胞接受

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激光论坛 21

表1:DPSC细胞黑点发生

表2:CHO细胞黑点发生

mW

总受辐照细胞

有黑点的细胞

mW

总受辐照细胞

有黑点的细胞

16

10

0

16

10

0

18

10

0

18

10

0

20

69

1

20

69

0

26

72

21

26

72

11

ROS检查。将结果与先前的脉冲宽度为170
fs的结果进行了比较。

形态改变
所谓的黑点是由特定的照射功率参数在
细胞中明显的肉芽形成的位置产生的。激光功
率逐渐增加2mW,以测量出现第一次激光诱
导形态变化的阈值(表1)。在这些条件和最
佳聚焦条件下,DPSC细胞出现黑点的最小功
率为20 mW,CHO细胞为22 mW(表2)。在
26mW的功率下,30%的DPSC细胞和仅15%
的CHO细胞表现出这些形态变化。激光诱导
的黑点细胞通常在接下来的5小时内出现形态
学变化,从而显示出光损伤效应。

生命/死亡测试
首 先 , 用 不 同 的 功 率 参 数 ( 4mW,
12 mW, 1 6mW, 20m W和 3 2mW) 照 射
DPSC细胞。将辐照细胞标记,在5.5小时后用
生命-/死亡试剂盒孵育,孵育1小时后测试其
荧光行为。在20mW的照射下,69个DPSC细
胞中的64个显示出绿色的细胞质荧光,而在
5个DPSC细胞中观察到红色荧光(表3)。这
相当于7%的伤害。当功率提高到26mW时,
已经有35%受到致命的影响。然而,所有的
CHO细胞都耐受20mW的功率,其中15%在
功率为36mW时染色(表4和图2)。与较短
脉冲宽度的实验相比较,其中已经有73%的
DPSC细胞在20mW的功率下被损坏,这表明
细胞更耐受较长的700fs的脉冲宽度。

验证激光诱导形成的ROS(活性氧)
辐照显示,在平均功率低于35mW的情
况下,没有检测到DHF信号。从图3 (a和b的
上部)可以看出,在上部辐照的细胞中,在
37mW的较高功率下检测到ROS信号。在较
低的未照射的细胞中也发生弱的荧光信号。
然而,该细胞通过膜接触与辐照细胞连接。
如果功率只是微不足道地增加,其影响就会变
得更加明显。在图3c中,被照射的细胞显示出
明显更高的强度。这种效应也与辐照细胞的大
量荧光相结合(图3f)。 因此,在700fs的脉
冲持续时间的照射期间形成破坏性的氧自由

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22 激光论坛

表3:DPSC细胞的死亡情况

表4:CHO细胞的死亡情况

mW

总受辐照细胞数

活细胞

死亡细胞

死亡%

mW

总受辐照细胞数

活细胞

死亡细胞

死亡%

16

10

0

0

0

16

10

0

0

0

18

10

0

0

0

18

10

0

0

0

20

69

64

5

7

20

69

68

0

0

26

72

47

25

35

26

72

67

11

14,5

基。与170fs实验相比,平均功率明显较高是
实现可检测的ROS形成所必需的。

结论
DPSC在被描述的辐照条件下,其脉冲宽
度为700fs,比170fs的脉冲宽度短,对辐照的
敏感性较低。平均功率参数为20mW,在辐
照后6小时内,高达10%的细胞会受到致命的
影响。平均功率为26mW时,仍有三分之二
的细胞存活。在较短的脉冲宽度下,所有细
胞都将受到致命的影响。
在更高的脉冲宽度和恒定的脉冲能量下
观察到的较低的灵敏度与在780nm的照射波
长下对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的早期研
究的结果一致。在这些早期的研究中,得出
的结论是损伤是受双光子效应影响的,因此
可以根据公式来预测损伤效应E。
E~P²/t with P:平均激光功率和t:脉冲宽度
与此相比,由于F=700fs / 170 fs=4的脉冲
宽度增加,因此,为了达到同样的破坏性效
果,需要增加因子S=1.7到2的功率。
这个关系不能完全根据所提供的数据来
确定,但可以假定S> 1.25的因子,因为已经有
7%的DPSC细胞死亡,平均功率为16mW,脉
冲持续时间为170fs,但在700fs时需要20mW
来达到同样的效果。
DPSC细胞在700fs的脉冲宽度比CHO细胞
更敏感。在26mW激光功率的暴露下,与35%的
DPSC细胞相比,只有15%的CHO细胞受损。检
测到的ROS形成表明了光化学损伤过程。LT

LT

作者信息

Prof. Dr Karsten König
Saarland University
Campus A5.1, Room 2.35
66123 Saarbrücken,德国
Tel.: +49 681 3023451
k.koenig@blt.uni-saarland.de
Dr Anton Kasenbacher
Obere Hammerstr. 5
83278 Traunstein,德国
Tel.: +49 861 4692
a.k@ts-net.de

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激光论坛 23

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