laser international No. 3, 2015
Cover
/ Editorial
/ Content
/ Use of the Er:YAG laser for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis
/ A simple vision test based on the speckle effect
/ Periimplantitis and Er:YAG laser
/ Industry report
/ Manufacturer news international
/ Eleven tips for success in your dental clinic―Part I: SWOT analysis and loyal patients
/ News international
/ 24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL (German)
/ News Germany (German)
/ Imprint
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[1] =>
issn 2193-4665
Vol. 7 • Issue 3/2015
laser
international magazine of
laser dentistry
3
2015
| research
Use of the Er:YAG laser for initial treatment of
chronic periodontitis
| case report
Periimplantitis and Er:YAG laser
| industry
Laser snoring and sleep apnoea reduction
[2] =>
[3] =>
editorial
Dear colleagues,
I
Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht
Editor-in-Chief
This year, after much time and effort, we have arranged a scientific program featuring a number of international experts for the annual congress of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde (DGL), themed
“Wavelengths”. Furthermore, in response to repeated requests from our foreign colleagues, we have expanded
the congress to include an international audience. In order to accommodate this change, we have scheduled the
first congress day, 27 November, for international lectures which will be interpreted.
As you can see in our preliminary program, in addition to guest speakers such as Prof. Jens Malte Baron, a dermatologist from the RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Dr James Carroll, a specialist in low-level laser therapy
from the UK, Dr Joshua Weintraub from Stevenson, USA, and Prof. Dr. Peter Rechmann from the University of San
Francisco, USA, a substantial number of national and international lecturers will discuss the wide range of wavelengths for use in laser dentistry. In addition, short presentations will complement the program.
Without promising too much, the lectures will offer new insights into the mode of action of lasers concerning different tissue types and cell function.
At the DGL party on Saturday evening, certificates for the mastership course will be awarded to DGL and international students. Moreover, all of the major laser manufacturers will be exhibiting their products and offering workshops.
It goes without saying that only through your participation at this year’s international DGL conference can
the association continue to achieve what distinguishes it: innovation, knowledge transfer, fellowship and friendship. Therefore, I would like to encourage all of you to not only participate in our congress in Berlin but also to
warmly welcome our international guests to the event.
With warm regards,
Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht
Editor-in-Chief
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I content
page 6
page 14
page 18
I editorial
I news
03
26
Manufacturer News international
32
News international
Dear colleagues
| Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht
I research
06
I DGL
Use of the Er:YAG laser for initial treatment
of chronic periodontitis
35
| Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht
| Prof. Ana Minovska et al.
12
A simple vision test based on the speckle effect
| Prof. Dr Axel Donges
DGL – International
36
Abstracts zur 24. Jahrestagung der DGL in Berlin
46
News germany
I case report
I about the publisher
14
50
Periimplantitis and Er:YAG laser
| Dr Carole Leconte
| imprint
I industry report
18
Laser snoring and sleep apnoea reduction
| Dr Jaana Sippus
22
Ablation of Dental Hard and Soft Tissue with 9.3 µm
CO2 Solea Laser
| Dr Joshua P. Weintraub
I practice management
28
Eleven tips for success in your dental clinic—Part I
Cover image courtesy of Syneron,
www.synerondental.com
| Dr Anna Maria Yiannikos
page 28
04 I laser
3_ 2015
page 32
page 46
[5] =>
The universe at your fingertips.
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peri-implantitis – an increasing threat to oral health.
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[6] =>
I research
Use of the Er:YAG laser
for initial treatment of
chronic periodontitis
Authors_Prof. Ana Minovska, Macedonia; Dr Daniela Cvetanovska Stojceva, Macedonia; & Prof. Georgi Tomov, Bulgaria
Periodontitis denotes
inflammatory destruction
of the periodontal ligament
and supporting bone.
_Periodontitis denotes inflammatory destruction of the periodontal ligament and supporting
bone. The course of periodontitis is characterised by
intermittent exacerbations of the disease. Today, it is
generally accepted that pathogenic bacterial plaque
in the susceptible host triggers a complex inflammatory/immune response, which results in clinical inflammation and catabolic changes in the non-mineralised connective tissue and bone,1 followed by progressive tissue destruction and pocket formation.
Based on these findings, strategies for the effective treatment of periodontal disease aim to arrest the
inflammatory disease process by removal of the
supra- and subgingival biofilm and to establish a local environment and microflora compatible with periodontal health. Reduction of probing pocket depth,
maintenance or improvement of clinical attachment
levels, and reduction in bleeding on probing are the
06 I laser
3_ 2015
most common outcome measures
used to determine whether treatment is successful.
Phase 1 causal, antimicrobial or
non-surgical periodontal therapy
refers to the initial supra- and subgingival treatment of periodontal
disease.2 After a thorough examination and accurate diagnosis, the protocol usually includes the use of
antimicrobial agents, home-care
instructions, and scaling and root
planing, followed by evaluation
of the need for surgical procedures. The gold standard of
successful treatment is defined as maintenance or gain
of clinical attachment.3
[7] =>
research
I
As lasers can achieve excellent tissue ablation
with strong bactericidal and detoxification effects,
they are one of the most promising new technological modalities for Phase 1 therapy.4 Over the last
two decades, the use of different dental lasers has
been included in the above regimen. Laser light is a
unique, non-ionising form of electromagnetic radiation that can be employed as a controlled source
for tissue cutting or ablation, depending on specific
parameters. There are many different types of lasers,
and each produces a specific wavelength of light.
Throughout the last decades, clinicians involved
in the treatment of periodontitis have used different dental laser wavelengths. Each wavelength has
a somewhat different effect on the dental and periodontal structures, owing to the specific absorption
of that laser energy by the tissue. Of all lasers emitting in the near- and mid-infrared spectral range,
erbium lasers are unique in that they are the only
lasers that can cut both hard and soft tissue with
minimal heat-related side-effects. It has been suggested that the erbium wavelengths present the
broadest range of application for clinical dentistry
and are likely the most suitable lasers for periodontal therapy.5–8
During Er:YAG laser irradiation, the laser energy
is absorbed selectively by water molecules in biological tissue, causing evaporation of water and organic components, and thus resulting in thermal effects due to the heat generated by photothermal
evaporation. Moreover, in hard-tissue procedures,
the water vapour production induces an increase in
internal pressure within the tissue, resulting in explosive expansion called “micro-explosion”.9 These
dynamic effects cause mechanical tissue collapse,
resulting in thermomechanical or photomechanical
ablation.10 This phenomenon has also been referred
to as “water-mediated explosive ablation”.11, 12
Laser treatment has the potential advantage of
accomplishing soft-tissue wall treatment effectively along with root surface debridement. Aoki et
al.13 and Keller and Hibst14 began to investigate the
application of the Er:YAG laser to periodontal
hard-tissue procedures, such as dental calculus removal and decontamination of the diseased root
surface. A number of basic studies on Er:YAG laser
application to root surface treatment have been
reported in clinical studies on non-surgical pocket
therapy using laser.15–17
Fig. 1
indicated that this minimally invasive method may
allow instrumentation of very deep pockets without
leading to major trauma of the hard and soft tissue,
that is, removal of tooth substance and an increase
in gingival recession.17, 19
Figs. 1–5_Classical treatment
versus laser treatment; results for
PBI, PPD, CAL, GR and BL after three
months.
The second phase of initial therapy entails closed
debridement of periodontal pockets: debridement
of root surfaces of plaque and calculus, detoxification of the root surfaces, root planing and gingival
curettage. The removal of pocket epithelium and a
portion of infected connective tissue has been a
matter of debate,21 but current research results
clearly demonstrate the possibility of bacterial
colonisation of pocket epithelium and connective
tissue.22–24
In our study, we compared gingival curettage and
scaling and root planing using an Er:YAG laser versus conventional mechanical hand instrumentation
according to clinical indicators of successful treatment and/or periodontal stability after non-surgical
therapy of patients with chronic periodontal disease.
_Materials and methods
Patient selection
After undergoing a comprehensive periodontal
examination, 20 patients older than 35 years with
Controlled clinical trials and case report
studies have also indicated that non-surgical
periodontal treatment with the Er:YAG laser
leads to significant gain of clinical attachment.18–20 Preliminary clinical results have also
Fig. 2
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I research
(which, in turn, does not allow calculation of energy
density), differences in experimental design, lack of
proper controls, differences in severity of disease
and treatment protocol, and measurement of different clinical end-points.
Fig. 3
generalised chronic periodontitis25 were included in
the study and gave their written informed consent.
The study was conducted in accordance with the
Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 as revised in 1983.
The patient inclusion criteria were as follows: nonsmokers, no periodontal treatment within the last
12 months, no systemic disease that could influence
the outcome of therapy and no use of antibiotics
prior to treatment.
Study design
For the purpose of the study, a split-mouth design was chosen. A total of 30 maxillary and 20
mandibular pairs of contralateral single- and multirooted teeth were included. Each tooth of each contralateral pair had to exhibit attachment loss of
≥ 5 mm at one aspect of the tooth. In each contralateral pair, one tooth was treated with closed curettage,26 that is, gingival curettage followed by scaling
and root planing using ultrasonic and hand instruments, while the other tooth was treated with laserassisted gingival curettage, followed by laser-assisted scaling and root planing using an Er:YAG laser.
Clinical measurements
A meaningful comparison between various clinical studies or between laser and conventional therapy is difficult at best and likely impossible at the
present. There are several reasons for this, including
different laser wavelengths, wide variations in laser
parameters, insufficient reporting of parameters
Taking this into consideration, the protocol for
clinical measurements was established as follows.
The clinical parameters were assessed at the baseline visit and three months27–29 after therapy. The
presence of dental plaque was determined according to Silness and Löe’s plaque index (PI; 1964)30 and
the degree of inflammation was assessed using the
papillary bleeding index (PBI) by Saxer and Mühlemann (1975).31 Bleeding was tested by careful insertion of a blunt probe to the bottom of the pocket and
gentle movement laterally along the pocket wall.
After 30 seconds, the intensity of bleeding was
scored in four grades and recorded:
(a) Grade 1: a single bleeding point
(b) Grade 2: a fine line of blood or several bleeding
points became visible at the gingival margin
(c) Grade 3: the interdental space filled with blood to
some extent
(d) Grade 4: profuse bleeding.
Immediately after probing, the clinical attachment level (CAL)32, 33 was measured from the cemento-enamel junction to the point at which the
probe tip stopped (PD fibres). Gingival recession
(GR) was detected by measuring the distance from
the cemento-enamel junction to the gingival margin. The periodontal probing depth (PPD)34, 35 or
pocket depth was measured from the gingival margin to the point at which the probe tip stopped. The
extent of bone loss was detected using transgingival probing36 under local anaesthesia, confirmed
and supported by direct digital (filmless) radiographs.37
Oral hygiene programme
The oral hygiene programme was followed for
four weeks prior to treatment, and consisted of
supragingival tooth cleaning with an ultrasonic device, creation of conditions to enhance oral hygiene
(if needed) and reinforcement of optimal personal
oral hygiene38 at two and four appointments. A PI
score of < 1 was chosen as a criterion for good oral
hygiene.39
Treatment
In the control group, closed curettage was performed by scaling (with an ultrasonic device) and root
planing (using Gracey curettes; Hu-Friedy),40 gingival
curettage,41, 42 and removal of the pocket epithelium
and infiltrated subepithelial connective tissue using a
complete set of Gracey curettes (Hu-Friedy).
Fig. 4
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[9] =>
research
I
In the test group, closed curettage was performed with the LiteTouch laser (Syneron Dental
Lasers), which has a direct delivery system and the
active medium is built into the handpiece base. For
the purpose of the study, a regular handpiece and
external water irrigation were used. Clinical parameters for low-energy settings (50 mJ–100 mJ) to improve inflammatory conditions by reducing the
bacterial load and inflammatory tissue in the periodontal pocket were utilised.
Scaling and root planing were performed on the
root surface and the laser was kept angled with an inclination of the fibre tip of 10–15 degrees to the vertical axis of the tooth. Instrumentation was performed from the coronal to the apical in parallel
paths. The laser settings were as follows: hard tissue,
chisel tip (0.5 mm × 1.4 mm) × 17 mm, water spray
level 6, 100 mJ, 15 Hz, energy density of about
256 mJ/mm2, power density of about 3.85 W/mm2,
and pulse width of about 170 ms. The instrumentation with both hand instruments and laser was performed until the operator felt that the root surfaces
had been adequately debrided and planed. The laserassisted periodontal pocket debridement (gingival
curettage) was performed on the soft tissue with the
laser kept at a 20-degree angle between the laser tip
and the vertical axis of the tissue with parallel movement along the pocket wall, starting from the bottom
of the pocket. The laser parameters were as follows:
soft tissue, non-contact mode (performed at a distance of 1–2 mm between the tip end and the tissue),
50 mJ, 30 Hz, tip of 0.6 mm × 17 mm, energy density
of about 178 mJ/mm2, power density of about
5.35 W/mm2, and pulse width of about 290 ms.
Statistical analysis
The difference between the two groups (test and
control) over the study period was analysed using
the Mann–Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signedrank test.
Fig. 5
_Results
Clinical data was collected at baseline and three
months after treatment. PI, PBI, PPD, CAL, GR and
bone level (BL) were measured and analysed. There
were no statistically significant differences in the
data at baseline between the two groups in any of
the examined parameters according to the
Mann–Whitney U test (p > 0.05).
After three months, an iterative comparison of
the data was performed, again using the
Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed highly
statistically significant differences in PBI, PPD, CAL,
GR and BL between patients treated classically with
mechanical debridement and those treated with
laser (p < 0.01; Figs. 1–5). For PI, there was no statistically significant difference between the tested
groups after three months (p > 0.05; Fig. 6).
Furthermore, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was
used to analyse the data obtained for the lasertreated group at baseline and after three months.
The results showed highly statistically significant
differences for all parameters (p < 0.01). The same
test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was used to analyse
Fig. 6
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the data obtained for mechanical debridement at baseline and after three
months. No statistically significant
differences were found (p > 0.05)
for GR, but the differences for the
rest of the parameters analysed
were highly statistically significant (p < 0.01).
_Conclusion
The goal of using a pulsed
Er:YAG laser in periodontal therapy
is to create a temperature gradient or
profile in tissue that will have the ability
to effectively coagulate, incise and excise biological tissue, in other words, that will result in the
removal of material or ablation of tissue. Conservative therapy consisted of plaque and calculus removal, smoothing of the root surfaces, detoxification of the root surface and gingival curettage, and
our comparative study has demonstrated highly
statistically significant differences for PBI, PPD, CAL
and BL between patients treated classically with
mechanical debridement and those treated with
laser (p < 0.01). Our results are consistent with those
of Feist et al.,43 Schwarz et al.,44, 45 and Folwaczny et
al.46 The obtained outcomes are most probably due
to the elimination of bacteria and endotoxins from
the root surfaces, where human gingival fibroblasts
adhere and grow. Even more important are the positive results obtained for gingival curettage using
laser. Although gingival curettage after scaling and
root planing using mechanical instruments has
been shown to have no added benefit over routine
scaling and root planing, the poor clinical outcome
of gingival curettage in the past may have been due
to the lack of an effective tool for soft-tissue debridement. Contrary to mechanical treatment with
conventional instruments, the excellent ablation of
tissue with the LiteTouch laser is expected to promote healing of the periodontal tissue, ablating the
inflamed lesions and epithelial lining of the soft-tissue wall of the periodontal pockets._
Editorial note: A list of references is available from the
publisher.
contact
Prof. Ana Minovska
ETERNAdent
Orce Nikolov 190-1/1
1000 Skopje
Macedonia
aminovska@eternadent.com.mk
www.eternadent.com.mk
Kurz & bündig
Die therapeutischen Strategien einer effektiven Behandlung von parodontologischen Erkrankungen bestehen darin, die
entzündlichen Krankheitsprozesse zum Erliegen zu bringen. Der „Gold-Standard“ für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung wird in diesem Rahmen als Versorgung oder klinisches Attachment definiert. Da Laser hervorragende Gewebeablation mit starken Bakteriziden sowie Entgiftungseffekte erzielen können, gehören sie für eine Erstbehandlung zu den vielversprechendsten technischen Möglichkeiten.
Da sich die Pocket-Therapy auf die Behandlung parodontaler Entzündungen bezieht und die zweite Phase der Erstbehandlung ein geschlossenes Débridement der Zahnfleischtaschen umfasst, fokussiert sich die vorliegende Studie auf die klinischen Indikatoren für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung und eine parodontale Stabilität bei Patienten mit chronischer Parodontitis. Hierbei werden vor allem der Einsatz des LiteTouch ER:YAG-Lasers mit den konventionellen, mechanischen Handinstrumenten vergleichen.
Der eingesetzte Laser wies folgende Eigenschaften auf: non-contact, 100 mJ 15 Hz, Meißel Tipp x 17mm, Dichte der Energie über 256 mJ/mm2, Leistungsdichte über 3,85 Watt/mm2, Pulsdauer über 170 Ms für Hartgewebe. Für Weichgewebe:
50 mJ, 30 Hz, Spitze 0,6 x 17 mm, Dichte der Energie über 178 mJ/mm2; Leistungsdichte über 5,35 Watt/mm2, Impulsbreite
über 290 ms. Das Split-Mouth-Design wurde bei 20 Patienten angewendet, die unter 35 Jahre alt waren, chronische Parodontitis sowie 68 Zähne mit einem Verlust des klinischen Attachments von ≥ 5 mm aufwiesen.
Die folgenden klinischen Daten wurden zum Behandlungszeitpunkt sowie drei Monate danach erhoben: Plaque-Index, PBI
(Papilla Bleeding Index), PPD (Periodontal Pocket Depth), Cal (Clinical Attachment Level), GR (Gingival Recession) und BL (Bone
Level). Die erhaltenen Daten wurden anschließend mit dem Mann-Whitney-U-Test analysiert, wobei es keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen in einer der untersuchten Parameter gab (p > 0,05).
10 I laser
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[11] =>
Master of Science (M.Sc.) in
Lasers in Dentistry
Next Start:
26th September 2016
Aachen, Germany
4 semesters
Become part of the International Dental Elite
RWTH International Academy
Kackertstraße 10 I 52072 Aachen I Germany
phone +49 241 80 23543 I fax +49 241 80 92525
info@academy.rwth-aachen.de
www.academy rwth-aachen.de
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AALZ GmbH
Pauwelsstraße 17 I 52074 Aachen I Germany
phone +49 241 47 57 13 10 I fax +49 241 47 57 13 29
info@aalz.de
www.aalz.de
[12] =>
I research
A simple vision
test based on the
speckle effect
[PICTURE: ©DELPIXEL]
Author_Prof. Dr Axel Donges, Germany
_A non-accommodated, moving eye with no refractive error perceives a speckle pattern as stationary. If the speckle pattern moves with the motion of
the head, the eye is long-sighted (hypermetropic); if it
moves contrary to the motion, it is near-sighted (myopic).
Fig. 1_A white wall illuminated with
coherent laser light appears speckled
to an observer (Source: groups.jqi.
umd.edu/rolston/research/
disordered-neutral-atomsopticallattices).
Fig. 2_Formation of a speckle
pattern by superposition of scattered
waves in the image plane.
_Introduction
Let us consider an optically rough white wall. If this
wall is illuminated with coherent light (i.e. laser light),
interference effects occur. This means that the white
wall will appear speckled or spotted to an observer
(Fig. 1). This phenomenon is referred to as the speckle
effect. Both, dark and bright spots are called speckles.
All speckles together form the speckle pattern.
_Speckle formation
Each point of the wall that is hit by the incident
light is a starting point of a spherical scattered wave
(Fig. 2). The spherical waves, which are launched from
closely adjacent scattering points on the surface,
overlap because of diffraction by the lens aperture in
the image plane (i.e. the retina of the eye). Because of
the roughness of the illuminated surface, statistical
phase shifts between the scattered waves occur. Owing to these phase shifts, the speckle pattern results in
the image plane.
Fig. 1
incident light
lens
_Eye examination
scattered light
image plan
rough wall
Fig. 2
12 I laser
3_ 2015
The speckle effect is used in metrology. An example of application is the study of the refractive error of
an eye.2 In this case, the following procedure is
utilised. First, the patient looks with one eye (the other
is closed) relaxed (i.e. with no accommodation) in the
direction of a rough wall illuminated with laser light.
The patient perceives a speckle pattern. Then, the patient moves his or her head, for example from bottom
to top or from left to right (or vice versa). Finally, the
patient perceives one of three variants:
[13] =>
research
1. The observed speckle pattern remains stationary. This
indicates that there is no refractive error of the eye.
2. The speckle pattern moves down (up, right or left)
when the head and thus the eye goes up (down, left
or right). In summary, the speckle pattern moves
contrary to the movement of the head. In this case,
the eye is myopic.3
3. The speckle pattern moves up (down, left or right)
when the head goes up (down, left or right), that is,
the speckle pattern moves with the movement of
the head. In this case, the eye is hypermetropic.3
Figures 3 to 5 illustrate the observed phenomenon.
Figure 3 shows schematically a non-accommodated
eye with no refractive error in two different positions
(down and up). In this case, the eye is referred to as
emmetropic. Since the distance between the lens and
the retina corresponds to the focal length of the eye,
an incident parallel ray is refracted at the same point
of the retina regardless of the position (down or up) of
the eye.
Figure 4 shows a myopic eye, that is, the eye is too
long. In the two positions of the eye (down and up), an
incident ray is refracted at two different points of the
retina. Since the brain exchanges bottom and top, the
perceived speckle pattern moves opposite to the motion of the eye.
Figure 5 shows a hypermetropic eye, that is, the eye
is too short. In this case, the situation is reversed compared with Figure 4.
_Conclusion
A speckle pattern is perceived as stationary if a
non-accommodated and non-defective eye is moved.
If the speckle pattern migrates opposite to or with the
movement of the eye, it is myopic or hypermetropic,
respectively. You can convince yourself of the described effect by observing, for example, a white wall
illuminated with an expanded laser beam. By wearing
different goggles (with different focal lengths), you
I
u
d
Fig. 3
d
u
Fig. 4
d
u
Fig. 5
can simulate emmetropia, myopia and hypermetropia._
Sources:
http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/
2011/6175/pdf/tiz122.pdf; (Download April 29, 2015)
http://groups.jqi.umd.edu/rolston/research/
disordered-neutral-atoms-optical-lattices;
(Download September 23, 2015)
contact
Prof. Dr Axel Donges
Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie
Seidenstr. 12–35
88316 Isny/Allgäu
Germany
Fig. 3_An optical ray parallel to the
optical axis of the lens is always
refracted at the same point of the
retina.
Fig. 4_An optical ray parallel to
the optical axis of a myopic eye is
refracted at two different regions of
the retina; the point of impact of the
ray on the retina moves parallel to
the movement of the eye.
Fig. 5_An optical ray parallel to the
optical axis of a hypermetropic eye is
refracted at two different regions of
the retina; the point of impact of the
ray on the retina moves antiparallel to
the movement of the eye.
Kurz & bündig
Betrachtet man eine optisch raue Wand mit kohärentem Licht (Laserlicht), so treten Interferenzeffekte auf. Es lassen sich
helle und dunkle Flecken – ein sogenanntes Speckle-Muster – beobachten.
Der Speckle-Effekt lässt sich messtechnisch ausnutzen, beispielsweise in der Ophthalmologie. Ein Speckle-Muster wird
bei bewegtem, nicht-fehlsichtigem Auge als stationär wahrgenommen. Wandert das Speckle-Muster mit der Bewegung des
Kopfes mit, ist das Auge übersichtig. Im anderen Fall ist es kurzsichtig.
Durch das Tragen verschiedener Brillen (mit verschiedenen Brennweiten) können zudem Emmetropie, Myopie und Hypermetropie simuliert werden.
laser
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I case report
Periimplantitis
and Er:YAG laser
Author_Dr Carole Leconte, France
Fig. 1_Periimplantitis is becoming
increasingly prevalent.
Fig. 2_Initial appearance of the
very shrunk mandible, major
periimplantitis.
Fig. 3_Periodontal probe that is too
short, pockets of more than 30 mm
all around the implants.
Fig. 4_The first centimetre and even
more is only granulation tissue,
of differentiated, inflammatory,
haemorrhagic appearance; it is very
difficult to approach this type of site
with a cold knife.
Fig. 5_Removal of the granulation
tissue by Er:YAG laser, scaling
without contact, without “leakage” of
unsupported tissue, maintaining the
healthy tissues and removing all
the unsupported tissue down to the
implant in the bone.
_Periimplantitis is becoming increasingly prevalent (Fig.
1). Its aetiologies are varied and
often connected. Among the existing treatments, the Erbium:
YAG laser is possibly the least
known, despite its numerous
clinical advantages. Those include the removal of granulation tissue and tartar and the de- Fig. 1
contamination of the titanium
while, at the same time, conserving healthy tissue
and existing implant structures. The first step in any
treatment of periimplantitis is to carefully analyse
the clinical situation in order to identity and remedy
possible causes (hygiene, prostheses, lack of tissue
etc.) and to evaluate whether the implants should be
treated or removed.
Depending on the situation, a more favourable
outcome might be achieved by removing the previous work rather than treating the current problem.
The removal would allow a tissue
reconstruction which would provide the new treatment with better bases, thus making the final
result more predictable.
However, there are numerous
"conservative" treatments of
periimplantitis possible, of which
some are associated with tissue
regeneration while others are
not. In any instance, the aetiology must be identified, the pathological tissues removed and decontamination carried out. This is generally achieved by
techniques of scaling (manual or ultrasonic), air polishing, photodynamic therapy1 or local/general antibiotics.2 It is highly recommended to inform the
patient about the different treatment options and
to actively involve him in the decision making as his
willingness to cooperate is crucial to the course of
the treatment. Particularly in cases of unexpected
complications or sudden, necessary changes of
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
14 I laser
3_ 2015
[15] =>
DGL_Programm_ENG_A4_Layout 1 13.10.15 13:55 Seite 1
24th International Annual
Congress of the DGL
November 27–28, 2015
Berlin, Germany
Hotel Palace
Congress President:
Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht/Aachen, Germany
WAVELENGTHS
Programme overview
Congress opening address
President of the DGL, Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht/Aachen, Germany
Laser Supported Reduction of Specific Microorganisms in the Periodontal Pocket
with the Aid of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Guest speakers
Prof. Dr Jens Malte Baron/Aachen, Germany
Investigation of the biological effects of laser systems by means of 3-D
in vitro skin models
Prof. Dr Andreas Braun/Marburg, Germany
The 445 nm semiconductor laser in dentistry—Introducing a new wavelength
Dr James Carroll/Chesham, UK
Debonding ceramic brackets—A minimally invasive laser technology from Aachen
Dr Marina Polonsky/Ottawa, Canada
Pain perception and need for local anaesthesia during caries removal in Class I–V
cavity preparations using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser—A prospective clinical study
Dr Alin Odor/Constanta, Romania
Clinical study of Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) and diode (940 nm) laser-supported
periodontal treatment concept according to Gutknecht
Dr Ioannis Papadimitriou/Athens, Greece
Management and removal of gingival hyperpigmentation by means of a diode laser
Dr Jaana Sippus/Vaasa, Finland
Sleep apnoea and snoring therapy using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Dr Habib Zarifeh/Beirut, Lebanon
Crown lengthening in soft and hard tissues in the aesthetic zone
Prof. Dr Gerd Volland/Seville, Spain
Colour makes it!
Dr Jörg Meister/Bonn, Germany
Removal of dentine with a diode-pumped Er:YAG laser—First results
Dr Thorsten Kuypers, Msc/Cologne, Germany
One-year NightLase anti-snoring treatment—First experiences
Dr. Joshua Weintraub/Stevenson, MD (US)
Using the First 9.3 µm CO2 All-tissue Laser for Anesthesia-Free Caries Removal
and Cavity Preparation
Prof. Dr Peter Rechmann/San Francico (US)
In vivo fissure caries prevention using a short-pulsed CO2 laser and fluoride varnish
24 Annual Congress of the DGL
Meeting package fee (all participants)
98,– € plus VAT
The meeting package fee (incl. coffee breaks, refreshments and meals) is payable by
all participants.
DGL Evening event
Saturday, November 28, 7.00 p.m.
Bon Dia Restaurant, Hotel Palace Berlin
Cost per person
(incl. food, drinks and live music)
Organization/Registration
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Budapester Straße 45 | 10787 Berlin, Germany
www.palace.de
Continuing education credits
The event complies with the guidelines and recommendations of the Kassenzahnärztliche Bundesvereinigung (national association of statutory health insurance
dentists) from 23 September 2005, including the points evaluation recommendation
of the continuing education advisory board of the Bundeszahnärztekammer (German
dental association) from 14 September 2005 and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zahn-,
Mund- und Kieferheilkunde (German society for dental and oral medicine) from 24
October 2005, applicable from 1 January 2006. Participants can earn up to 16 credits..
I hereby register the following persons for the 24th International Annual Congress of the DGL from November 27–28, 2015, in Berlin,
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Stamp/Address
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laser 3/15
75,– € plus VAT
Organiser
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde e.V.
(German Society for Laser Dentistry)
Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Clinic for ZPP / DGL
Pauwelsstraße 30 | 52074 Aachen, Germany
Tel.: +49 241 8088-164 | Fax: +49 241 803388-164
sekreteriat@dgl-online.de | www.dgl-online.de
Please fax this form to
+49 341 48474-290
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220,– €*
90,– €*
25,– €*
For booking of various accommodation types at the hotel
PRIMECON | Tel.: +49 211 49767-20 | Fax: +49 211 49767-29
info@prime-con.eu | www.prime-con.eu
Dr Dimitris Strakas/Thessaloniki, Greece
Bleaching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser
th
Organisational matters
Congress fees*
Dentist (DGL member)
Dentist (non member)
Dental technician/assistant (with proof)
Student (with proof)
*No VAT is charged on the congress fee.
E-mail address
[16] =>
I case report
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 6_Bone craters cleaned,
implants decontaminated along the
entire surface outside the bone.
Fig. 7_Three minutes betadine irrigation, then rinsing with saline solution.
Fig. 8_Sutures (no bone or other
filling was carried out).
Fig. 9_Appearance of the tissues at
one year of healing, maturation,
absence of clinical relapse,
organisation of keratinised tissue
adhering around the implants,
hygiene could be improved.
Fig. 10_Stage of change of
attachment system (balls > locators)
for the patient's comfort.
Figs. 11a & b_Initial panoramic X-ray,
global and detailed view with bone
level highlighted.
Figs. 12a & b_Visit after one year:
apart from the external aspect that
shows no sign of periimplantitis,
the spontaneous bone regeneration
that followed the debridement is
considerable; the comparison of the
two X-rays shows vertical bone gain
and bone-titanium contact in this
place.
treatment, the patient’s initial say in the medical decisions might soften the impact of a different outcome. Having emphasised that there are other ways
of treating periimplantitis than just following conservative treatment options, it is equally vital to
stress that no matter what treatment is used it is
very important to identify and adequately deal with
the causes in order to ensure the best possible healing process.
There is no miracle instrument that guarantees a
successful treatment of all types of periimplantitis.
However, in those instances that include treatments
of the gums, the bone, the pathological tissues and
the titanium, the Er:YAG laser holds major advantages over other treatment options.
_Bases for a better understanding
A laser is a photon beam with considerable energy. When emitted in very short pulses, the electromagnetic beam interacts with matter in a predictable way.
This interaction differs from that of traditional
instruments that mostly follow Newton's laws of
physics. When working with a laser, the laws of
quantum physics guarantee a predictable effective-
Fig. 10
ness that can be parameterised in advance. The
treatment is without any direct contact and the intensity applied depends on the methods of emission
and application and on the tissue structure. Like
sunlight that irradiates the surface of the earth, according to the season (distance), the time (angulation) and the matter (molecular nature/colour), the
laser beam deviates, from the initial parameterisation. By varying and adjusting the intensity (power),
the emission frequency (Hz), the distribution surface of the emitted energy and the parameters cited
above (distance, angle etc.), the effects can be "controlled". The Er:YAG lasers have a 2,940 nm wavelength. The infrared (invisible) light is strongly absorbed by water and hydroxyapatite. This extreme
absorption, which is caused by the photoablative effects, allows the precise and selective removal of
pathological tissues and various deposits while
leaving the healthy tissue untouched. It also provides a controlled bacterially detoxified surface.
The efficacy of the ablation is 540 µg/J and
the depth of the removal by pulse is greater than
0.4 mm.3 Due to the extremely fine and translucent
tips of the Er:YAG laser, it guarantees an optimal visual control while working without any direct contact. This makes it a particularly effective laser for
several key stages of treatment of pathological periimplant.
Removal of granulation tissue
The photoablative effects vaporise the matter
and break into the granulation tissue, which in effect eases and lead to the complete elimination of
the tissue. The applied method and precise parameter settings limit the iatrogenic nature of the scaling.
Fig. 11a
Fig. 11b
Fig. 12a
Fig. 12b
16 I laser
3_ 2015
While using a round purr would have caused
considerable damage with less ablative and greater
thermal effect reducing visual control4-7, the penetration of the erbium laser is almost nil (less than
30 µ) and therefore no damage of the bone is done.
Due to the precision of the work, the healthy tissues
stay untouched. This is even more so the case when
the instrument is supported by operating microscopes or high-power fibre magnifying glasses.
[17] =>
case report
Removal of the tartar—
decontamination of the titanium
This allows:
– Mucous membrane to be cleared
off of the infiltrated area.
– The bone to be cleaned off granulation tissue and yet to be preserved, without aggression
("cold" laser) in order to avoid
any necrotic halos, which can
lead to complications or failures.
– To preserve the decontaminated titanium which
can then, at a later point, be re-osseointegrated.
_Clinical case
In the present case, a 76-year-old patient visited
our clinic and presented us with a poor initial situation indicating very poor dental hygiene, xerostomia,
oral thrush, a poorly adapted prosthesis, non-passive, no vestibule. The patient’s first visit to our clinic
was in July 2010, although the symptoms of a periimplantitis had already been developing since 2004.
A non-conservative treatment, including the removal of the implants and scaling, secondary reconstruction of bone and keratinised mucous membrane if necessary (Figs. 1–12) seemed favourable.
However, the particular circumstances of the patient’s poor dental health, partially caused by problems with alimentation leaving the patient fragile,
led us to try to conserve the highly infected implants,
which had peri-implant pockets of over 13 mm wide.
_Conclusion
There is a multitude of traditional instruments
such as curettes, specific ultrasound inserts and titanium brushes that are commonly used when treating
periimplantitis. This may explain a
certain reluctance towards the use
of other instruments such as the
Er:YAG laser. Each and every instrument is unique, in the same way as
the characteristics of one laser can
differ considerably from those of
another. Each type of laser has very
specific, sometimes even opposing
effects. For instance, diode lasers do
Fig. 13
not damage the titanium but cause
a harmful temperature rise while Nd:YAG lasers will
damage the surface of the titanium. With regards to
the treatment of periimplantitis, the specific characteristics of the Erbium laser prove to be the most effective: it allows the operator to accurately select and
precisely remove the pathological tissue and to decontaminate the titanium without staining it, hence
enabling a renewed osseointegration. However, the
successful treatment still depends on the individual
practitioner and the employed equipment. Further
research is needed to improve the procedure and predictability of the desired results. The world of implantology is constantly evolving and the revolution of the
old implantological treatments lead to new developments and techniques. Facing those changes, dentists must actively seek and promote all available
treatment options, including the use of laser. There is
a very good reason for its growing presence._
I
Fig. 13_Laser devices have proven to
be very effective in the treatment of
periimplantitis.
contact
Dr Carole Leconte
14 rue du Croissant
75002 Paris
Tel.: + 33 01 53890311
cabinet@drleconte.cab
Kurz & bündig
Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Vorteile des Er:YAG-Laser-Einsatzes bei der Behandlung von Periimplantitis. Neben den konventionellen Therapiemöglichkeiten, wie spezielle Ultraschalleinsätze oder Titanbürsten, kann die Nutzung eines Er:YAG-Lasers dabei besonders im Bereich des Zahnfleisches, der Knochen, des krankhaften Gewebes und des Titans von Vorteil sein.
Der Er:YAG-Laser hat eine Wellenlänge von 2.940 nm. Der unsichtbare Infrarot-Lichtstrahl wird stark von Wasser und
Hydroxylapatit absorbiert. Diese enorme Aufnahme, die durch photoablative Effekte verursacht wird, ermöglicht das präzise
und selektive Entfernen von pathologischem Gewebe, während das gesunde Gewebe unberührt bleibt. Aufgrund der sehr feinen und lichtdurchlässigen Spitze des Lasers, ist eine sehr gute Sichtkontrolle während der Arbeit ohne direkten Kontakt möglich. Das macht den Laser für mehrere wichtige Behandlungsphasen im pathologischen periimplantären Bereich attraktiv. Dennoch sind Laser je nach Wirkung einzusetzen, denn diese sind spezifisch und können sogar gegensätzliche Wirkungen haben.
Diodenlaser beispielsweise schaden Titan zwar nicht, verursachen aber einen erheblichen Temperaturanstieg, Nd:YAG-Laser
können sogar die Titanoberfläche zerstören. Der Einsatz eines Er:YAG-Lasers gestaltet sich daher am effektivsten, da der Bediener exakt auswählen, das krankhafte Gewebe entfernen und das Titan dekontaminieren kann und somit eine erneute Osseointegration ermöglicht wird.
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_ 2015
[18] =>
I industry report
[PICTURE: ©SERDAR BAYRAKTAR]
Laser snoring
and sleep apnoea
reduction
Author_Dr Jaana Sippus, Finland
_Introduction
Fig. 1_Mallampati classification.
Figs. 2a & b_NightLase treatment
procedure.
It has been estimated that roughly 30–50 % of the
US population snore and almost one-third suffer
from sleep apnoea. However, only 5 % have been diagnosed and treated.1, 2 Snoring and sleep apnoea result from obstructed airways. This can be an outcome
of many different factors, such as anatomic deviations, tumours, polyps, allergies, large adenoids and
tonsils, a large uvula or a long soft palate.3–6 Heavy
snoring is sometimes called “heroic” snoring and may
affect bed partners, even causing marital conflict.
Snoring is not sleep apnoea and sleep apnoea is
not snoring. Still, many patients with loud snoring
also have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). An
overnight sleep study known as polysomnography
should be conducted on severe snorers to conclude if
they have OSA. During the sleep test, the number and
length of possible apnoeic periods is recorded, and
oxygen levels, heart rhythm (EKG), body position and
bruxism are examined. Treatment can be discussed
after the sleep study results have been evaluated.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2b
18 I laser
3_ 2015
Fig. 2a
In OSA syndrome, several breathing pauses may
cause a significant decrease in blood oxygen level and
cardiac arrhythmia. OSA syndrome is life-threatening
with long-term effects resulting in lung and heart
problems.7 This may also interact with the brain’s
restorative REM sleep periods and cause concentration, memory and mood problems. Daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, sexual dysfunction, hallucinations and short-term memory loss are other
problems related to OSA.7–9
[19] =>
industry report
Fig. 3b
Fig. 3a
Fig. 3c
Non-surgical treatment options for patients suffering from OSA include oral appliances, palatal implants, weight loss, alternative medicine and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks.10 Surgical methods include laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty
or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,11 radiofrequency tissue ablation and palatal implants.12–14
_Laser treatment option: NightLase
Among other treatments, a minimally invasive
laser treatment is now available. In this method, laser
light is used for non-ablative thermal heating of the
tissue, which subsequently causes shrinking of the
collagen fibres. This phenomenon opens up the airways and reduces snoring and sleep apnoea. There are
I
Fig. 4b
Fig. 4a
many benefits of treatment with NightLase (Fotona),
such as no need for anaesthetic, no pain and only
three short 20-minute sessions with immediate results. This case presentation describes the treatment
of patients with OSA using an Er:YAG laser, with a
long-term follow-up period of 28–36 months. These
clinical cases are part of an uncontrolled study to
evaluate the usefulness of the laser in snoring and
sleep apnoea treatment.
Fig. 4c
Figs. 3a–c_Case #1. Pre-op Class 4
(a). Class 1 after three treatments (b).
Class 2 at recall 36 months
post-op (c).
Figs. 4a–c_Case #2. Pre-op Class 4
(a). Class 1 after three treatments (b).
Class 1 at recall 28 months
post-op (c).
_Materials and methods
Patients with different OSA levels are included in
this case report, all from a general dental practice. Ten
patients were randomly selected and five typical
cases are presented here visually, in terms of preoperAD
laser
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exp
[20] =>
I industry report
Fig. 5b
Fig. 5a
Fig. 5c
Figs. 5a–c_Case #3. Pre-op Class 4
(a). Class 1 after three treatments (b).
Class 1 at recall 36 months
post-op (c).
Figs. 6a–c_Case #4. Pre-op Class 4
(a). Class 1 after three treatments (b).
Class 2 at recall 28 months
post-op (c).
Figs. 7a–c_Case # 5. Pre-op Class 4
(a). Class 1 after three treatments (b).
Class 2 at recall 36 months
post-op (c).
Fig. 6b
Fig. 6a
ative, postoperative and recall photographs. Three
patients used a CPAP mask before treatment. All of the
patients gave their consent for the treatment protocol using the Er:YAG laser and for the clinical photographs taken pre- and postoperatively to be used in
presentations. All of the treatments were performed
from late 2011 to the first quarter of 2012. No anaesthetic was administered. Mallampati classification
(Fig. 1) was used before and after the treatments. All
of the treatments were performed with a LightWalker
AT laser (Fotona)—other Fotona models can be used
too. Before each treatment, the effects of the Er:YAG
laser treatment were explained to the patient (Fig. 2a).
A fractional laser beam (Fig. 2b) was used with a PS04
handpiece at minimally invasive settings according to
the manufacturer’s protocol:
– The laser beam is fired at soft intra-oral tissue with
a repetition rate of 10 Hz in LP mode.
– The laser beam is manually delivered across the target, either vertically or horizontally (depending on
the region).
– Several passes are performed across each region
(with well-defined overlap).
Fig. 6c
– The treated tissue is thermally processed and consequently shrinks.
– Sessions are scheduled at appropriate time intervals.
– Total delivered pulses vary per patient from 10,000
to 15,000.
Clinical case #1
The patient was a 46-year-old female patient.
Medical anamnesis established severe OSA with related headaches and daytime drowsiness. Intra-oral
examination showed Mallampati Class 4. The postoperative result showed Class 1 (Figs. 3a–c).
Clinical case #2
The patient was a 42-year-old female. Medical
anamnesis included severe OSA and use of a CPAP
mask. The greatest concern for the patient was her
heavy snoring causing relationship problems. Intraoral examination showed Mallampati Class 4. The
postoperative result was Class 1 (Figs. 4a–c).
Clinical case #3
The patient was a 30-year-old male and former
ice-hockey player, lately unable to exercise at all owing to his becoming out of breath immediately owing
to severe OSA. He had been using a CPAP mask for two
years with discomfort. His Mallampati Class 4 was reduced postoperatively to Class 1 (Figs. 5a–c).
Clinical case #4
The patient was a 45-year-old male with snoring
and breathing problems, causing relationship stress.
His Mallampati Class 4 was reduced postoperatively
to Class 1 (Figs. 6a–c).
Fig. 7a
Fig. 7b
Fig. 7c
20 I laser
3_ 2015
Clinical case #5
The patient was a 56-year-old male with moderate OSA, which was causing relationship problems, as
well as sleeping problems, a sore throat and morning
headaches. His Mallampati Class 4 was reduced postoperatively to Class 1 (Figs. 7a–c).
[21] =>
industry report
I
_Results
All of the patients using a CPAP mask were able to
discontinue use of the mask after the first treatment.
After the third treatment, patients reported improvement of more than 85 %. Average improvement after
one treatment session was 51 % and after the second
session, 61 % (Fig. 8).
All of the patients were satisfied and stated that
they would recommend NightLase therapy. None reported discomfort or pain during or after the treatment. Only one mentioned dry mouth postoperatively. All of the patients reported that they could
breathe much more easily and that motion-related
exhaustion had disappeared; quality of life was also
better without daily headaches.
with proper examination and exclusion criteria are
important to identify the therapy needed.
Fig. 8_Total score for snoring
reduction after three treatments.
_Conclusion
_Discussion
Both snoring and sleep apnoea are the cause of
several health issues and are potentially life-threatening.8 Still, most patients are unwilling to undergo
treatment owing to multiple side-effects, unsuccessful non-surgical and surgical treatments, and uncomfortable procedures.15
In the treatments presented in this article, the success rate was over 85 % (Fig. 8). Even after 28–36
months, the results remained good. NightLase is an
easy treatment to perform, with no pain during or after the treatment. Therefore, it can also be repeated
with minimum discomfort to the patient. The procedure is safe with no need for anaesthetic or medication. Consequently, it allows a good night’s sleep and
better quality of life for the patient and his or her partner sharing the same bed. However, patient selection
NightLase is a safe and very successful treatment
for reducing snoring and sleep apnoea, and is supported by evidence-based dentistry. It is a minimally
invasive treatment with no need for special arrangements, either pre- or postoperatively. Since no anaesthetic is needed, the treatment is well accepted by patients. Long-lasting effects—from 12 to 36 months—
allow for high overall satisfaction among patients._
contact
LaserEdu
Hovioikeudenpuistikko 20 B
65100 Vaasa, Finland
jaana.sippus@laseredu.fi
Kurz & bündig
Konventionelle Behandlungsmethoden von Schnarchsymptomen und Schlafapnoe (Atemstillstand) umfassten bisher
alles, von oralen Apparaturen über Uvulaplastik-Operationen, Radiofrequenz-Gewebeablationen, CPAP-Masken (Continuous
Positive Airway Pressure) bis hin zu alternativer Medizin.
Eine minimalinvasive Zahnheilkunde mit dem Einsatz eines Lasers ermöglicht die Durchführung einer nicht-ablativen
Er:YAG-Straffung des Gaumenzäpfchens, des Gaumensegels sowie des umliegenden Gewebes mit einem partiellen LaserHandstück. Diese sogenannte „NightLase®“-Behandlung wird von Fotona angeboten.
Dieser Case Report beschreibt nun dazu die Behandlung von Patienten mit Schlafapnoe, die langfristig 28 bis 36 Monate
lang mit einem Laser therapiert wurden. Die klinischen Fälle sind Teile einer freien Studie, die den Lasereinsatz bei der
Schnarch- und Schlafapnoebehandlung auf Effizienz untersucht. Dazu werden repräsentative Fallbeispiele nach MallampatiKlassifikationen aufgezeigt und die Vorteile der NightLase®-Therapie gegenüber konventionellen Methoden erläutert. Ergebnis: Bereits nach der dritten Behandlung bekundeten 85 Prozent der Patienten eine Verbesserung. Bereits 51 Prozent hatten
bei dem ersten Lasereinsatz eine Verbesserung gespürt. Alle Patienten (insgesamt 100 Prozent) waren am Ende der Behandlung zufrieden und würden die NightLase®-Therapie weiterempfehlen.
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_ 2015
[22] =>
I industry report
Ablation of Dental Hard
and Soft Tissue with 9.3 µm
CO2 Solea Laser
Author_Dr Joshua P. Weintraub, USA
_Introduction
Fig. 1a_Pre-operative #27 with
fractured amalgam and
recurrent decay.
Fig. 1b_Pre-operative radiograph
tooth #27.
Fig. 2_Tooth #27 preparation
completed.
Fig. 3_Tooth #27 restored.
Fig. 4_Post-operative radiograph of
tooth #27.
Fig. 5_Teeth #s 16 and 14 and
edentulous ridge
#15 pre-operatively.
Fig. 6_Pre-operative radiograph
showing inadequate coronal tooth
structure #s 16 and 14.
Fig. 7_Pre-operative view #14 DB
with arrow as reference point as case
progresses.
As a practicing general dentist, I am always thinking about the next clinical challenge. Like any general
dentist, I regularly encounter a vast array of dental
problems in need of attention. Having the best instruments at my disposal is of the utmost importance
to achieve optimal results. Over the past several
years, I have used multiple lasers operating at various
wavelengths to manage treatment involving enamel,
dentin, alveolar bone and soft tissues of all types.
These lasers include erbium (2.9 µm), Nd:YAG
(1.064 µm), diode (0.81 µm) and most recently, an allnew CO2 laser that operates at 9.3 µm. CO2 lasers operating at 10.6 µm have been around for decades and
have long been considered the gold standard for soft
tissue ablation, but soft tissue was all that could be
cut with that particular wavelength. In this paper,
I will discuss how I use the Solea laser (developed by
Convergent Dental Inc.), a 9.3 µm CO2 laser for hard,
soft, and osseous tissue. Solea utilises isotopic CO2 as
a medium and uses a wavelength of 9.3 µm. Unlike
other lasers, this wavelength has chromophores of
both hydroxyapatite and H2O, allowing it to vaporise
all tissue in the oral cavity. In addition to the unique
wavelength, Solea is the first and only dental laser to
use computer controls to optimise beam delivery. Before a procedure, I simply choose one of the three “tissue types” (Enamel, Dentin, or Soft Tissue). The beam
that comes out of the laser has a diameter of
0.25 mm, but computer-controlled motors, called
galvos, move tiny mirrors inside the handpiece to create patterns yielding multiple spot sizes ranging from
0.25 mm up to 1.25 mm. The galvos give me the right
size pattern for the job at hand. Again, the computer
plays a role in making sure that the right amount of
energy is delivered in the right size pattern. The combination of a unique wavelength and computer controls make Solea an instrument suitable for a wide
range of applications.
_Case 1: Fractured amalgam and
recurrent decay
Fig. 1a
Fig. 1b
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
22 I laser
3_ 2015
The first case exhibits the use of Solea on enamel
and dentin. The patient, a 69-year-old female, presented with tooth sensitivity. The exam revealed a
fractured amalgam and recurrent decay on #27 MOL
(Figs. 1a and 1b). No local anaesthetic was used on
this vital tooth, but topical anaesthetic (TAC 20 comprised of Lidocaine 20 % Tetracaine 4 %, Phenylephrine 2 %) was used for the interproximal matrix/wedge. Solea was used to outline the preparation
using the Enamel Setting until dentin was reached:
0.25 mm spot size, 15 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist,
20 %–100 % variable speed foot pedal. The amalgam
was then removed with a high speed handpiece (Kavo
Electrotorque) and 245 bur. I was able to use the bur
without anaesthetic because of the profound anal-
[23] =>
AD
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
gesic effect achieved by starting with Solea. The prep was continued using Solea on the
Enamel Setting: 1.00 mm spot size, 15 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist, 10 %–100 % variable
speed foot pedal. The prep was completed and decay was removed using Solea on the
Dentin Setting: 1.00 mm spot size, 70 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist, 20 %–100 % variable
speed foot pedal. The cavosurface margins were beveled with a diamond bur to complete
preparation (Fig. 2). The tooth was prepared for restoration with Scotchbond Universal
(3M). A layer of Esthet•Xflow (DENTSPLY), approximately 0.5 mm thick, was placed on the
gingival floor of the proximal box. Restoration was completed with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk
Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent) and finished (Figs. 3 and 4).
Prior to the development of the Solea laser, I would not have considered performing this
procedure without anaesthetic; whether I was using an erbium laser, a laser in conjunction with a conventional hand piece or a conventional handpiece alone. Solea’s consistent
analgesic effect made the procedure easy and predictable, while the precision with a
0.25 mm spot size made it possible to create a gingival trough adjacent to the amalgam
without hitting the amalgam itself. A major advantage of not anaesthetizing the patient
is that checking occlusion was simplified. Most importantly, it was a better experience for
the patient as she reported no discomfort during or after the procedure and was delighted
to “not feel numb”.
_Case 2: Open flapped crown lengthening
This case involved #s 16 and 14, adjacent to edentulous #15 site (Fig. 5). Seen radiographically with bone level indicated with red arrows (Fig. 6), #16 mesial and #16 distal
had inadequate tooth structure due to decay coronal to the alveolus. The patient, a healthy
73-year-old female, was deciding between receiving an implant to replace #14 or a fixed
partial denture from #s 16 to 14 with pontic #15. She was encouraged to seek an implant
treatment instead of fixed partial denture (bridge) due to longevity, especially with her
caries susceptibility. Tooth #14 had endodontic treatment and needs a core and full coverage restoration. Tooth #16 will be treated conservatively with a composite restoration if
the patient does not choose a fixed partial denture or full coverage (if partial denture is
fixed). For the progression of this case in the photos, a red arrow is used in the distobuccal
of tooth #14 to denote a reference point relative to tissue level, etc. See the pre-operative
photo of #14 distobuccal (Fig. 7).
Laser
and Safety
Eyewear
Autoclave safety eyewear with special antifog-coating for a clear field of vision even in
high air humidity and extreme temperature.
Laser safety eyewear with different filters
and frame styles for doctors, patients and
assistence.
Loupes with different laser protection filters
and magnifications.
The patient was anaesthetized with 1.7 ml septocaine, 4 % with epinephrine 1:100,000
and 1.8 ml of bupivacaine 0.5 % with epinephrine 1:200,000. Solea was used instead of a
scalpel for flap incisions. The initial Solea incision was made along the crest of the edentulous ridge using Soft Tissue Setting: 0.25 mm spot size, 65 µs pulse duration, 1 % mist
uvex-laservision.de
WE PROTECT YOUR EYES
[24] =>
I industry report
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 8_Initial laser incision along
ridge with 0.25 mm spot size.
Fig. 9_Incisions continued with Solea
to sever PDLs on adjacent teeth,
preparing for flap.
Fig. 10_Alveolar bone ablated to
establish biological width. Note arrow
at reference point #14 DB.
Fig. 11_Tissue ready for
re-approximation and suturing.
Fig. 12a_Radiograph after ablation
of alveolus, gaining adequate coronal
tooth structure.
Fig. 12b_Note improved tissue level
immediate post-operatively.
Fig. 13a_Edentulous ridge five
month postoperative.
Fig. 13b_Note tissue level #14 DB
compared to pre-operative.
and 50 %–100 % variable speed foot pedal (Fig. 8).
The flap incision was continued using the same settings around #s 16 and 14, severing the periodontal
attachment (Fig. 9), while not touching the adjacent
tooth. Note the clean, linear precision of the incision
with minimal to no bleeding. Next, the periodontal
flap was raised using traditional periodontal instrumentation.
For ablation of alveolar bone, Solea was used on
the Dentin Setting: 1.00 mm spot size, 75 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist and 50 %–100 % variable speed
foot pedal. This setting was used to ablate alveolar
bone to establish the biologic width while exposing
sufficient tooth structure coronal to the alveolus for
proper restoration. The spot size was switched
0.25 mm for more precise control on the bone adjacent to the tooth structure. Note the good blood perfusion of the alveolar bone. The red arrow shown after bone ablation prior to suturing (Fig. 10) shows the
Fig. 12a
Fig. 12b
Fig. 13a
Fig. 13b
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bone level relative to a reference point near the cementoenamel junction. The flap is shown prior to approximation and suturing (Fig. 11). The level of the
alveolar bone was checked radiographically prior to
closure with the bone level indicated with red arrows
(Fig. 12a). The flap was closed and sutured with four
interrupted 3.0 silk sutures. The distal buccal of #14
can be seen with improved gingival tissue position
immediately after suturing, as indicated by a red arrow at the reference point (Fig. 12b).
The patient was prescribed chlorhexidine 0.12 %
rinse, twice per day for ten days and 500 mg of
azithromycin on day one, and 250 mg on days two
through five. The patient returned for suture removal
nine days post operatively, healing well, with no evidence of infection. The patient returned nine days
post-operatively, healing well without evidence of
infection. The patient did not return until five months
later. Ridge and gingiva around #s 16 and 14 were
healthy (Figs. 13a and 13b) with normal periodontal
probings.
_Case 3: Removal of benign oral lesion
The third case is a healthy 76-year-old male patient, presenting with an uncomfortable oral lesion.
General dentists routinely encounter these types of
cases. The patient had a fibroma-like lesion on the
right lateral border of the tongue. The lesion was
5 mm x 5 mm x 3 mm (Fig. 14).
It was ulcerated (de-epithelialized), which was
likely the cause of his discomfort. His regular dentist
was out of town, and I was seeing that dentist’s emergency patients. I gave the patient three options: seeing an oral surgeon for evaluation and possible excision, reevaluation in a week by his regular dentist, or
for me to remove the lesion with Solea that day. The
patient chose removal by Solea that day. First, topical
anaesthetic was applied (TAC 20 comprised of lidocaine 20 %, tetracaine 4 % and Phenylephrine 2 %).
The lesion was excised using Solea on the Soft Tissue
Setting: 0.25 mm spot size, 60 µs pulse duration, 1 %
mist and 40 %–80 % variable speed foot pedal. This
left a clean, blood free surgical site (Fig. 15).
The specimen was preserved in formalin and sent
to a pathology lab. After excision, although there was
no bleeding, I briefly lased the surgical site with Solea
using the Soft Tissue Setting: 1.00 mm spot size,
20 µs pulse duration, no mist and 10 %–30 % variable
speed, to form a “laser bandage” by lightly cauterizing the surgical site (Fig. 15). The patient reported no
discomfort either during the procedure or postoperatively. The pathology report stated that the lesion
consisted of fibrovascular connective tissue with fibrinoid necrosis and acute inflammation. The patient
[25] =>
industry report
Fig. 15
Fig. 14
returned five days later for a routine postoperative
visit. The surgical site had healed extremely well (Fig.
16).
_Conclusion
These cases show that Solea, a 9.3 µm CO2 laser, is
a technology that dramatically improves the dental
experience for both the practitioner and patient. The
speed and precision of the laser allows me to be more
efficient while achieving better clinical outcomes.
Although local anaesthetic was used in one of the
cases discussed in this paper, I actually perform 93 %
of my hard and soft tissue procedures without
anaesthesia. Most crown and bridge procedures and
more extensive periodontal surgeries (like Case 3
above) typically require anaesthesia, but these are
the only exceptions. In soft tissue applications, there
is minimal bleeding which maintains a clean surgical site and the reduced need for sutures. Because of
this, I take on procedures that I would have referred
out prior to having Solea and I am able to complete
these procedures approximately 50 % more quickly
and with more precision than I could achieve with
traditional tools. For my patients, the experience
during surgery is dramatically improved and after
the procedure they have much less post-operative
discomfort. According to feedback from my patients, they love not having to get an injection, hear
the “drill”, or feel the vibrations. Patients love that I
can work in multiple quadrants during the same
visit, reducing their number of appointments, and so
do I. Patients are amazed by the experience and are
surprised when they find out that this technology is
not more common among my peers. I am grateful to
be able to practice in a time where such incredible instruments are available._
I
Fig. 16
Fig. 14_Pre-operative 5 mm x 5 mm
x 3 mm lesion right lateral tongue.
Fig. 15_Immediate post-operative.
Fig. 16_Five-day follow up, healing
well.
contact
Joshua P. Weintraub, DDS, USA
Stevenson Smiles
10407 Stevenson Rd.
Stevenson, MD 21153
USA
www.stevensonsmiles.com
Kurz & bündig
Im vorliegenden Artikel stellt der Autor mehrere Fallberichte vor, welche die Wirkungsweise eines neuartigen CO2-Lasers
mit einer Wellenlänge von 9.3 µm illustrieren. Während CO2-Laser mit einer Wellenlänge von 10.6 µm bisher vor allem bei der
Behandlung im Weichgewebebereich eingesetzt wurden, zeigen die Fallberichte Behandlungsoptionen des CO2-Lasers für
Weich-, Hart- und Knochengewebe auf. Der hier genutzte CO2-Laser (Solea, Convergent Dental Inc.) kombiniert diese besondere Wellenlänge mit computergesteuerten Motoren. Diese bewegen kleine Spiegel innerhalb des Handstücks, um den ursprünglich 0,25 mm breiten Laserstrahl auf bis zu 1,25 mm zu vergrößern. So können für jede Behandlungssituation individuelle Modi eingestellt werden. Abhängig vom zu behandelnden Gewebe kann der Laserstrahl somit spezifisch angepasst
werden.
In insgesamt drei Fallberichten beschreibt der Autor die Anwendung des CO2-Lasers bei einer defekten Amalgamfüllung,
einer chirurgischen Kronenverlängerung sowie der Entfernung einer gutartigen Läsion. Im Verlauf der Fallberichte wird deutlich, dass durch den Einsatz moderner Lasertechnologie, hier in Kombination mit minimaler lokaler Betäubung, der Patientenkomfort sowohl während der Behandlung als auch postoperativ erheblich verbessert und die Behandlungsdauer sowie die Anzahl der notwendigen Sitzungen deutlich reduziert wird. Weitere Vorteile sind geringere Blutungsneigung, die ein übersichtliches Operationsfeld und damit einen reduzierten Bedarf für durch Nähte unterstütze Wundheilung nach sich ziehen.
laser
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[26] =>
I manufacturer news_international
Manufacturer News
Syneron Dental Lasers
New software-upgrade scientifically evaluated
By the end of 2014 Syneron Dental Lasers introduced a software upgrade for LiteTouch™, their
Laser-in-Handpiece Er:YAG laser. The upgrade is called “Gentle Treatment – Low Energy Package”. Since then, the company is
receiving very positive feedbacks from the
users and KOLs.
The “Gentle Treatment — Low Energy
Package” was well accepted by all its new
users. It was scientifically evaluated by
three academic teams from: Geneva University in Switzerland, Plovdiv University in
Bulgaria and the Hebrew University —
Hadassah School of Dental Medicine,
Jerusalem, Israel.
Dr Carl Bader from the Geneva University, Switzerland, said: “First of all, I would never give this “upgrade” back. It has many advantages to work with
this new “Gentle Mode”. Sub-ablative treatments
are possible, also very selective treatments. In zones
near to the pulp it is possible to treat without any risk
to “fall into the pulp”. It is possible also to treat selectively areas in enamel, where white spots remain
during this conditioning. The white spots disappear
and we will have a better result in long term in sealing the composite on enamel. It is also possible, in
sub-ablative mode to treat sensitive tooth necks
without any pain during the treatment.
Dr Fabrice Baudot a leading KOL from France said:
“With the gentle mode we can enhance the Photoacoustic effect of LiteTouch, instead of microsurgery (ablation of inflamed tissue), disturbing
biofilm in deep narrow dental lesions on the tooth
occlusal side (Enamel). With Gentle treatment
mode, there is a significant pain reduction. It is
amazing how we can perform pockets maintenance without anaesthesia, and there is no need for
antibiotics.”
Dr Baudot added: “I managed to perform full mouth
periodontal maintenance in only 30 minutes, it is
quick and easy, every regular dentist can do it, especially in deep periodontal pockets over than 4 mm.
The results are great, in my practice after an initial
therapy (with LiteTouch soft tissue mode) where I use
26 I laser
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the micro ablation effect to clean
the pockets in a micro surgically approach, removing selectively all the granulation tissues. I begin the maintenance therapy
only two months after with a combined technique
hands approach and laser treatment using LiteTouch
gentle mode. Results: 80 per cent of the perio pockets less after two months so we have to manage only
20 per cent of the residual pocket with LiteTouch gentle mode. This is a magnificent preventive tool, specially recommended for children and youth.”
Prof. Georgi Tomov and Prof. Ani Belcheva from
Plovdiv University, Bulgaria, said: “The main
advantage of LiteTouch’s “Gentle Treatments” is the sub-ablative energy (especially regarding the hard tissues), combined with the limited penetration depth
of the Er:YAG laser.The presence of low
power laser irradiation settings
seems to be in contrast with
the main indications of
the Er:YAG lasers, but
different and specific
applications of “Gentle Treatments” like
enamel re-mineralization (caries prevention), laser analgesia,
conditioning of enamel
edges, decontamination of
periodontal
pockets and exposed
root surfaces, laser-assisted bleaching, endodontic
irrigants activation and wound
sealing proved their clinical effectiveness. The new “Gentle Treatments”
package expressed our personal attitude
to modern, biologically-oriented dental treatment with respect to both dentist and patient’s
needs.”
LiteTouch “Gentle Treatments” is a technology
upgrade and also a new point of view on dental
treatments said Claudia Yoel, Marketing and Clinical Projects Manager at Syneron Dental Lasers.
“We invite all our LiteTouch international community to adopt this unique new feature allowing
more types of dental treatments while enhancing
minimally invasiveness and reduced patient discomfort”.
For more details, please contact your LiteTouch
local distributor.
Syneron Dental Lasers
Tavor Building, Industrial Zone
20692 Yorkneam Illit, Israel
[27] =>
Return address
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde e.V.
c/o Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Klinik für Zahnerhaltung
Pauwelsstraße 30
52074 Aachen, Germany
Tel.: +49 241 8088164
Fax: +49 241 803388164
Credit institute: Sparkasse Aachen
IBAN: DE56 3905 0000 0042 0339 44
BIC.: AACSDE 33
Membership application form (English)
Name/title:
Surname:
Date of birth:
Approbation:
Status:
self-employed
employed
civil servant
student
dental assistant
Address: Practice/office/institute (delete as applicable)
ZIP/city:
Street:
Phone/fax:
Email:
Private/place:
Street:
Due to an association agreement of DGL and DGZMK, an additional reduced annual fee for DGZMK is charged (85 EUR
p.a. if you are not yet a member of DGZMK). The contribution collection is made by the DGMZK office, Liesegangstr. 17a,
40211 Düsseldorf. You will be addressed hereby.
With the application for membership I ensure that
I am owing an own practice since
and are working with the laser type
(exact name)
I am employed at the practice
I am employed at the University
I apply for membership in the German Association of Laser Dentistry (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde e.V.)
Place, date
Signature
Annual fee: for voting members with direct debit € 150
In case of no direct debit authorisation, an administration charge of € 31 p/a. becomes due.
DIRECT DEBIT AUTHORISATION
I agree that the members fee is debited from my bank account
Name:
IBAN:
BIC:
Credit institute:
Signature of account holder
This declaration is valid until written notice of its revocation
[28] =>
[PICTURE: ©HALFPOINT]
I practice management
Eleven tips for success
in your dental clinic
Part I: SWOT analysis and loyal patients
Author_Dr Anna Maria Yiannikos, Germany & Cyprus
_During this journey towards business growth
and educational development with this new series on
tips for success in your dental clinic, I am going to explore various factors of our success and professional
development as dental practitioners. I will share with
you the knowledge I have gained within the past
24 years of managing and evolving my clinic, so you
can be one step ahead and avoid the mistakes I made,
starting with the first tip: know yourself, which entails
acknowledging your mistakes. It is an extremely useful and sometimes painful process.
How can we really learn the areas in which we need
to improve ourselves (clinics) and in which we are ad-
28 I laser
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vanced? The answer is through the use of an essential
tool we ought to use every six to 12 months, SWOT
analysis. With this tool, we will be able to discover and
recognise our strengths and weaknesses as both dentists and individuals, as well as identify opportunities
for and threats to our clinics. Let us analyse this a little bit further.
_Strengths
What do you consider as strengths, as your competitive advantages in your dental clinic?
Do you offer a large variety of services that fulfil your
patients’ needs?
[29] =>
practice management
Can your patients find you and book an appointment
easily with your clinic?
Is your clinic characterised by high-technology and
do your patients appreciate this?
Is your dental clinic in a convenient location, allowing
your patients to find you and reach you with ease?
_Weaknesses
What are the areas that need improvement at your
dental clinic?
Are your payment options inflexible?
Do patients have to wait for more than 5 minutes for
their appointment in the waiting area? Is the clinic
decoration old and out of fashion? Should you change
it?
_Opportunities
What are current social, financial or other trends
that you could benefit from? For example, the demand for invisible braces for adults could be useful for
an orthodontist to explore. The general dentist could
consider including an aesthetic treatment based on
the latest trends, such as whitening or restoration
with white aesthetic material.
_Threats
As a conclusion, it is evident that performing a
SWOT analysis for your dental clinic will allow you to
be proactive in your marketing strategies, since you
will have the information necessary to develop effective strategies for the promotion of your clinic.
The second tip of this article is realising the importance of having patients who are not just satisfied but
loyal. In order to understand the significance of this,
let us explore the major difference between these two
categories.
_Satisfied patient
A satisfied patient is one who comes to the clinic
for treatment and is not unhappy with the treatment
or the service provided, but when a friend, a relative
or a colleague proposes that he or she visit another
dentist would do so. Such a patient too would not refer the clinic to others or tell others about your good
treatment.
_Loyal patient
A loyal patient, however, is one who will spread
through word of mouth what a wonderful dentist you
are, and what a brilliant scientist, advising others to
visit your clinic and promoting your well-being. This
is a patient who comes to your clinic regularly, is appreciative of your treatment and demonstrates this.
It is important to understand that we do not deliver a service in isolation, but as part of a culture, the
culture of our clinics through the experience that our
patients receive. They do not expect us to be the best
just in our health care industry. We have to be the best,
period. Our patients will not compare us only with
other dentists but with all the services they receive
and have experienced, such as in a hotel or a restau-
[PICTURE: ©RAWPIXEL]
Is there anything happening in your environment
that could be detrimental to your clinic? For example,
a larger and newer clinic is to be opened in the neighbourhood or an existing competitor clinic is installing
better technological equipment than that in your
clinic. Other threats include political and environmental ones, such as an unstable political situation.
I
laser
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[30] =>
I practice management
rant. Our competitors are anyone with whom our patients can compare us. People have expectations regarding how they should and want to be treated and
these become the standard by which they judge their
experiences.
Our goal is to discover what the most important
factors for patients are in order to foster their loyalty,
as well as determine the areas in which we are underperforming in order to improve ourselves and the
treatment we offer our patients.
When nothing in particular about an experience
stands out, this indicates that one was merely satisfied. It takes something memorable to turn an ordinary experience into something special. Dissatisfaction comes from something bad that one experienced
and remembers; loyalty is created through memorable things that happened that one did not expect. If
our treatment is not memorable, why would patients
continue coming to us?
The two tips provided in this article are a good start
for all dentists in order to begin the improvement and
evolution of our clinics, as well as ourselves. In the
next part, I will offer two new tips that will reveal opportunities and potential of your dental clinic. Until
then, remember that you are not only the dentist in
your clinic, but also the manager and the leader._
Another essential question is how do we establish
the areas in which we are lacking and in which we
should improve our clinics to increase the group of
loyal patients? The answer of course is nothing but
obvious: by asking. We can obtain patients’ opinions
through satisfaction surveys.
Several studies have highlighted the growing impact of patient satisfaction on the business success of
dental clinics. In a more recent study, those patients
surveyed cited being unhappy with their dentist as
being their main reason for changing dentists.
contact
Dr Anna Maria Yiannikos
Adjunct Faculty Member of AALZ
at RWTH Aachen University
Campus, Germany
DDS, LSO, MSc, MBA
dba@yianniksodental.com
www.dba-aalz.com
Kurz & bündig
Im ersten Teil der Serie “11 Tipps zum wünschenswerten Erfolg in Zahnkliniken“ werden die ersten beiden Ratschläge vorgestellt, um Anfängerfehler zu verhindern und langfristigen Erfolg zu erzielen.
Der erste Tipp stellt eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Praxisinhaber selbst, seinen Fähigkeiten, Schwächen und
Stärken dar. Dafür ist eine sogenannte SWOT-Analyse erforderlich, die alle sechs bis zwölf Monate erhoben werden sollte und
Chancen sowie mögliche Bedrohungen sowohl für Zahnarzt als auch Privatpersonen aufzeigt. Diese werden wie folgt angerissen: Als Stärke wird der Wettbewerbsvorteil einer Praxis definiert, wie beispielsweise einen Service, der die Bedürfnisse der Patienten berücksichtigt. Oder ob Arzttermine einfach und schnell gebucht werden können. Schwächen stellen in der SWOT-Analyse verbesserungswürdige Felder dar. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel die Wartezeit der Patienten im Aufenthaltsbereich trotz Termin und das Design einer Zahnarztpraxis, in der sich Patienten wohlfühlen sollen. Chancen bilden Neuzeitentwicklungen, wie
Social-Media-Trends oder auch finanzielle Vorteile, die zum Erfolg der Praxis beitragen. Bedrohungen berücksichtigen äußere
Einflüsse, die sich negativ auf das Praxismanagement auswirken können, wie zum Beispiel ein Kollege, der eine neue und größere Zahnklinik nebenan eröffnen möchte. Aber auch eine instabile politische Situation mag erfolgshindernd sein.
Der zweite Tipp ist die große Bedeutung, nicht nur einen zufriedenen, sondern auch loyalen Patienten zu haben. Ein zufriedener Patient hat keinerlei Beanstandungen, allerdings wird er auch nicht unbedingt wiederkommen, sollten Freunde oder Bekannte eine andere Praxis empfehlen. Der treue Patient allerdings wird gleichzeitig den Zahnarzt an Freunde, Bekannte und Kollegen empfehlen und die Arbeit des Zahnmediziners zusätzlich enorm schätzen. Letzteres ist besonders erstrebenswert.
Dazu haben diverse Studien belegt, dass Zufriedenheit oder Missfallen der Patienten eine enorme Auswirkung auf den
Erfolg einer Praxis haben. Ziel ist es also, die wichtigsten Faktoren zu erkunden, loyale Kunden zu generieren und gleichzeitig
herauszufinden, in welchen Bereichen es sich zu verbessern gilt.
In der nächsten Ausgabe werden zwei weitere Tipps analysiert, die Chancen und Potenzial von Zahnarztpraxen aufzeigen.
30 I laser
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[31] =>
3rd WALED Congress
November 26, 2015
Berlin, Germany
Hotel Pullman
th
24 Annual Meeting of the DGL
LASER START UP 2015
November 27–28, 2015
Berlin, Germany
Hotel Palace
contact Mr. Leon Vanweersch | email: vanweersch@aalz.de
3rd WALED Congress 2015 and the Annual Congress of the DGL e.V.
on November 26–27, 2015 in Berlin, Germany.
and the Gala Dinner Party and Mastership/Fellowship Certification Ceremony
on November 28, 2015 in Berlin, Germany
The total fees, including full catering, amount to 380 €
register here
[32] =>
NEWS
international
Step-by-step
Blueberry extract
Laser cavity preparation
A promising agent
for new periodontal
therapy
[PICTURE: ©ANDRESR]
A cavity preparation using a laser can maintain
more tooth structure, and research has shown that
patients prefer laser technology. Jose Marcano,
DMD, who first used the Er,Cr:YSGG laser in his
practice in 2005 and has lectured, authored and
contributed to numerous research projects on the
wavelength and its applications in dentistry, has
shared his Er,Cr:YSGG cavity preparation method in
a step-by-step guide. In a recent case study, Marcano stated that performing cavity preparations
with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser offers
many benefits for the patient, not
the least of which is the possibility of completing the preparation
without the need for injectable
anesthetic. The ability to perform
cavity preparations without
anesthetic using an Er,Cr:YSGG
laser on a reliable basis requires
practice and repetition, but once
the dentist has developed clinical
confidence in preparing cavities
without anesthetic, these types
of procedures can be a powerful
growth engine for the entire
practice—both professionally
and clinically. In the case study, Marcano and his
team demonstrate the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser
to complete a Class II cavity preparation on tooth #5
with no local anesthetic.
Periodontal disease is one of the most common microbial infections in adults. In order to treat periodontitis in its severe form, dentists often use antibiotics. However, researchers have now found that
blueberry extract has a comparable antibacterial
and anti-inflammatory effect and could thus replace
antibiotic medications in periodontal disease management.
In a laboratory test series, researchers at Université
Laval in Quebec tested the effectiveness of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., an extract from the wild
lowbush blueberry, against Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the main species of bacteria associated
with periodontitis.
[PICTURE: ©SUBBOTINA ANNA]
A copy of the step-by-step cavity preparation
by Marcano can be downloaded from
http://go.biolase.com/laser-cavity-prep-guide.
Source: Biolase
Dental hygienist among
Best jobs for women
A job search portal has recently rated the dental hygienist profession the fourth best job for women. Owing to
an increasing demand for dental care services, which is primarily attributable to demographic changes,
dental hygiene is one of the fastest growing professions in the US CareerCast, a US job search portal that
offers national job listings from across North America, stated in its report about female job opportunities, that
healthcare is an industry in which women are well represented.
E:
TUR
[PIC
R]
RES
ND
©A
32 I laser
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Women do in fact make up the majority of the workforce in dental
hygiene. CareerCast also found that the annual median wage of dental
hygienists is $70,201, with a projected growth outlook of
27 per cent. Actuaries, advertising and promotion managers, and biomedical engineers preceded dental
hygienists on their ranking of best jobs for women.
According to the US Department of Health and
Human Services, the profession will grow by up to
28 per cent from 2012 to 2025. The department
estimates that there were about 153,600 dental
hygienists in the national healthcare workforce in 2012.
Until 2015, approximately 42,200 dental hygienists will
leave and 91,000 new hygienists will enter the workforce.
They found that the polyphenol-rich extract successfully inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum, as well
as its ability to form biofilms. This property may result from the ability of blueberry polyphenols to
chelate iron, the researchers said. In addition, the extract blocked a molecular pathway involved in inflammation.
"This dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action of lowbush blueberry polyphenols suggests that
they may be promising candidates for novel therapeutic agents," the researchers concluded.
The study, titled "Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) Polyphenols Target Fusobacterium nucleatum and the Host Inflammatory Response: Potential Innovative Molecules for Treating Periodontal
Diseases", was published online on Sept. 4 in the
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
[33] =>
Study investigates
Periodontal disease:
Attitudes towards drug screenings
in dentistry
Meet your new worst
enemy
In the study, the researchers used the responses by
1,802 US dentists on whether they include drug use
questions in their health history forms and whether
they generally consider substance
abuse screenings part of their responsibility. Data was taken from a nationally representative survey by the
American Dental Association Survey
Center conducted from 2010 to 2011.
They found that sex, age and date of
graduation were associated with the
belief that drug screenings are part of
a dentists role. Younger dentists were
more likely to report that their health
history form included questions about
substance misuse than were older
dentists. Similarly, at 62 per cent, dentists under the median age of 53 were
[PICTURE: ©HAMSTERMAN]
more likely to regard screening for illicit drug use as part of a dentist’s role,
have found. From a survey of US dentists on inte- compared with their more senior counterparts at
grating preventive screening and testing alongside 47 per cent. The study, titled “Screening for Subdental care, they found that 77 per cent of dentists stance Misuse in the Dental Care Setting: Findings
ask patients about illicit drug use and 54 per cent from a Nationally Representative Survey of Denof dentists believe that such screenings should be tists”, was published online on July 2 in the Addictheir responsibility.
tion journal.
A visit to the dentist has the potential to be more
than a dental check-up, researchers from the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
SMARTM dental diode laser—
Versatile and
ingenious
LASOTRONIX—a Polish manufacturer—is
launching a new diode based laser platform for
dentistry, the SMARTM series with a variety of
most effective wavelengths increasing a number
of applications. SMARTM is offered as a combination of two lasers in one package: 10 W at 980 nm
wavelength for a wide range of applications in
microsurgery, endodontics, periodontology and whitening as well as 400 mW at 635 nm wavelength for cold therapies like biostimulation and photoactivated
disinfection. Combining two wavelengths in one device made our dental laser unique and one of the most
advanced in the world for all soft tissue procedures. SMARTM is equipped with a wide range of fibers, application end tips and an advanced user interface, which makes the unit one of the most versatile dental
lasers known so far. It is also upgradable in the field by other wavelengths if needed. If you want to join us
and promote our unique innovation please kindly contact us.
Source: LASOTRONIX
After years of clinical research, both in the laboratory
and in the field, a new protocol for treating periodontal disease has emerged for Er,Cr:YSGG laser dentists
and periodontists. Periodontal disease remains one of
the most prevalent oral health issues in the world today and the number of patients affected with mild to
severe periodontitis is growing.
[PICTURE: ©OCSKAY BENCE]
Research has shown that periodontal disease may be
associated with other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Additional reports have linked periodontitis to chronic
illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s
disease and even cancer. As a result, it is incumbent
on all dental professionals to play a more active role
in the treatment and prevention of the disease.
In recent years, a proliferation of published research
and studies have shown that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser
wavelength is an effective tool for treating periodontitis. Using specially designed radial firing laser tips
that create a corona of laser energy in the periodontal pocket, the laser has been proven to be an especially effective instrument for the minimally invasive
removal of both subgingival inflamed tissue and calculus deposits. This unique combination, as discussed in the literature, sets the laser apart from other
methods of treating periodontitis with a laser-based
approach.
Source: Biolase
laser
3
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[34] =>
24. Internationale
Jahrestagung der DGL
WELLENLÄNGEN
27. und 28. November 2015
in Berlin
Hotel Palace
dgl-jahrestagung.de
startup-laser.de
Kongresspräsident:
Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht
Aachen
Programmvorschau
Kongresseröffnung
DGL-Präsident Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht/Aachen
Laser Supported Reduction of Specific Microorganisms in the Periodontal Pocket with
the Aid of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Organisatorisches
Kongressgebühren
Zahnarzt (DGL-Mitglied)
Zahnarzt (Nichtmitglied)
Zahntechniker/Assistenten (mit Nachweis)
Studenten (mit Nachweis)
Gastvorträge
Prof. Dr. Jens Malte Baron/Aachen
Untersuchung der biologischen Wirkung von Lasersystemen mittels
dreidimensionaler In-vitro-Hautmodelle
Prof. Dr. Andreas Braun/Marburg
Der 445 nm-Halbleiterlaser in der Zahnmedizin – Einführung einer neuen
Wellenlänge
Dr. James Carroll/Chesham (GB)
Debonding von Keramikbrackets – Eine minimalinvasive Aachener
Lasertechnik
Dr. Marina Polonsky/Ottawa (CA)
Pain perception and need for local anesthesia during caries removal in class
1–5 cavity preparations using Er,Cr:YSGG laser – A prospective clinical study
Dr. Alin Odor/Constanta (RO)
Clinical Study of Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) and diode (940 nm) laser supported
periodontal treatment concept according to Gutknecht
Dr. Ioannis Papadimitriou/Athen (GR)
Management und Entfernung von gingivalen Hyperpigmentierungen mittels
Diodenlaser
Dr. Jaana Sippus/Vaasa (FI)
Sleep apnea and snoring therapy using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Dr. Habib Zarifeh/Beirut (LB)
Crown lengthening in Soft and Hard tissues in the esthetic zone
Prof. Dr. Gerd Volland/Sevilla (ES)
Die Farbe machts!
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Jörg Meister/Bonn
Abtrag von Dentin mit einem diodengepumpten Er:YAG-Laser – erste Ergebnisse
Dr. Dimitris Strakas/Thessaloniki (GR)
Bleaching – with Er,Cr: YSGG laser
Dr. Thorsten Kuypers, M.Sc./Köln
1 Jahr NightLase-Anti-Schnarch-Therapie – erste Erfahrungen
Dr. Joshua Weintraub/Stevenson, MD (US)
Using the First 9.3 µm CO2 All-tissue Laser for Anesthesia-Free Caries Removal and
Cavity Preparation
Prof. Dr. Peter Rechmann/San Francico (US)
In-vivo-Fissurenkaries – Prävention mit einem kurzgepulsten CO2-Laser und
Fluoridlack
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24. INT. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL
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[35] =>
editorial
DGL – International
I
Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht
DGL-Präsident
Sehr geehrte Frau Kollegin, sehr geehrter Herr Kollege,
liebe DGL-Mitglieder!
In diesem Jahr ist es uns nach langer Zeit wieder gelungen, das wissenschaftliche Programm „WELLENLÄNGEN“
unseres Jahreskongresses nicht nur mit internationalen Referenten zu bestücken, sondern wir haben auch unsere
Jahrestagung erstmals, nach wiederholter Anfrage ausländischer Kollegen, wieder international ausgeschrieben.
Dies war möglich, indem wir den Freitag als internationalen Vortragstag ins Programm aufgenommen haben und
somit alle Beiträge simultan übersetzen lassen. Wie Sie aus dem Programm ersehen können, haben wir neben unseren eingeladenen Gastrednern Prof. Dr. Baron, Dermatologe vom Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Dr. James Caroll, Low
Level Laser Spezialist aus England, Dr. Joshua Weintraub aus Stevenson, MD, USA, und Prof. Dr. Peter Rechmann aus
San Francico, USA, noch eine ganze Anzahl renommierter nationaler und internationaler Referenten, die die unterschiedlichsten „WELLENLÄNGEN“ vertreten werden. Eine große Anzahl an Kurzvorträgen wird das Programm abrunden.
Ohne Ihnen zuviel versprechen zu wollen – diese Vorträge werden Ihnen neue Einblicke in die Wirkungsweise von
Lasern auf und in den unterschiedlichsten Gewebetypen bis hin zur Zellfunktion geben.
Außerdem wird am Samstagabend, anlässlich unserer DGL-Party, auch die Verleihung der Urkunden unserer
DGL/Internationale Mastership-Teilnehmer stattfinden. Natürlich werden auch alle namhaften Laserhersteller ihre
Produkte ausstellen und Workshops anbieten.
Selbstverständlich wird unser diesjähriger internationaler DGL-Kongress erst durch Ihre Teilnahme wieder zu
dem werden, was uns als DGL auszeichnet: Innovation, Wissensvermittlung, Kollegialität und Freundschaft.
In diesem Sinne möchte ich Sie alle motivieren nach Berlin zu kommen, um nicht nur Teilnehmer unseres Kongresses zu werden, sondern auch freundliche und offene Gastgeber für unsere internationalen Gäste zu sein.
Es grüßt Sie alle ganz herzlich
Ihr
Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht
DGL-Präsident
laser
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3
_ 2015
[36] =>
24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL E.V.
LASER START UP 2015
Laserunterstützte Reduzierung spezifischer Mikroorganismen in parodontal
geschädigten Zahnfleischtaschen mithilfe des Er,Cr:YSGG-Lasers
Prof. Dr. Norbert Gutknecht, Aachen, Constanze Van Betteray, Seda Ozturan, Leon Vanweersch, Rene Franzen, Aachen
Die Pilotstudie beschreibt eine konventionelle, parodontale Behandlung
von zwölf Patienten mithilfe von Ultraschallgeräten, Handinstrumenten
sowie einem Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium
Gallium Garnet)-Laser (Wellenlänge 2.780 nm), die chronische oder aggressive Parodontitis aufwiesen. Hierbei fand eine neue Radialstreifenspitze (RFPT 14-5, Biolase, USA) mit einer Leistung von 1,5 Watt, 30 Hz,
11 Prozent Luft, 20 Prozent Wasser und einer Impulsdauer von 140 µs
Anwendung. Die Patienten wurden drei Mal pro Woche mit dem Laser
behandelt. Mikrobiologische Abstriche wurden unmittelbar vor der ersten Behandlung, einen Tag nach dem Lasereinsatz sowie erneut drei
und sechs Monate nach der Laserbehandlung entnommen. Die Zahnfleischtaschen wurden vor und sechs Monate nach der Behandlung gemessen.
Die Auswertung ergab, dass die bakterielle Belastung der Taschen während des gesamten Untersuchungszeitraums deutlich verringert wurde.
Prevotella Intermedia, Tannerella Forsythien, Treponema Denticola und
Fusobacterium Nucleatum wurden nachweislich drei und sechs Monate
nach der Behandlung erheblich reduziert. Porphyromonas Gingivalis
wurden nach den ersten drei Monaten und sogar zusätzlich nach sechs
Monaten gemindert. Bei einem Patienten konnte der Keim Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bis unter die Nachweisgrenze reduziert
werden. Insgesamt wurde in allen Gruppen eine enorme Abnahme der
Zahnfleischtaschen beobachtet. Eine leicht höhere Reduzierung der Taschentiefe konnte nach sechs Monaten in der laserbehandelten Gruppe
ohne signifikante Gruppenunterschiede festgestellt werden.
Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die These, dass parodontale Behandlungen mit einem Laser zu einer dauerhaften Reduzierung der Periopathogenes führen und dadurch bei der Aufrechterhaltung der parodontalen
Gesundheit helfen.
ngutknecht@ukaachen.de
Der 445 nm-Halbleiterlaser in der Zahnmedizin –
Einführung einer neuen Wellenlänge
Prof. Dr. Andreas Braun, Marburg
Zahnmedizinische Laserbehandlungen werden erfolgreich eingesetzt, um sowohl den Therapieerfolg als auch den Behandlungskomfort zu verbessern. Die Wirksamkeit des Lasers hängt dabei ganz entscheidend davon ab, wie das Gewebe die elektromagnetische Strahlung absorbiert.
Bislang werden in der Zahnmedizin therapeutische Diodenlaser vorwiegend im Wellenlängenbereich von 810–980 nm eingesetzt. Einem
445 nm-Halbleiter-Lasersystem können spezifische Eigenschaften
zugeschrieben werden, die durch konventionelle Diodenlaser nur eingeschränkt abgedeckt werden.
Bei hoher Absorption der Laserenergie im Gewebe resultiert eine geringe Eindringtiefe und umgekehrt. Für das koagulierende Schneiden
im Rahmen chirurgischer Eingriffe sollten daher hohe Absorptionswerte im Gewebe und Blut vorliegen. Bei derartigen Eingriffen liegt der
Vorteil von blauem Laserlicht unter anderem in seiner Eigenschaft,
aufgrund seiner kürzeren Wellenlänge weniger tief in Gewebe einzudringen und dort weniger gestreut zu werden. Durch die geringe
Penetrationstiefe wird die Gefahr von unbeabsichtigten Verletzungen
36 I laser
3_ 2015
tiefliegender Schichten verringert und die Strahlführung präzisiert.
Gleichzeitig wird der thermische Eintrag durch Streuung des Lasers
auf das umliegende Gewebe und den geringen Energieeintrag in Wasser verringert, sodass gerade bei chirurgischen Eingriffen saubere,
blutungsarme Schnitte mit räumlich begrenzter Hitzewirkung zu
erwarten sind. Durch die hohe Energiekopplung an pigmenthaltige
Zellen ist ferner die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes im Rahmen parodontologischer Eingriffe sowie tiefreichender antimikrobieller Maßnahmen
in Wurzelkanalsystemen gegeben.
Die Entwicklung eines Diodenlasers im blauen Wellenlängenbereich
(445 nm) verspricht eine gute Energieankopplung an pigmenthaltige
Zellen und Gewebe bei geringer Absorption in Wasser, sodass eine
Verbesserung der Schneideleistung für chirurgische Anwendungen
sowie antimikrobielle Wirkungen im Rahmen parodontologischer und
endodontischer Behandlungsmaßnahmen erwartet werden können.
andreas.braun@staff.uni-marburg.de
[37] =>
LLLT, Drug free pain relief and better healing
James D. Carroll, Chesham, Great Britain
Low Level Light / Laser Therapy (LLLT) is the direct application of light to
stimulate cell responses (photobiomodulation) in order to promote tissue
healing, to reduce inflammation and to induce analgesia.There have been
significant studies demonstrating its application and efficacy at various
points in the body. Studies also discuss its possible applications regarding the treatment of a range of musculoskeletal injuries, degenerative diseases and dysfunction. On oral tissue, however, its use has so far been
limited.
The purpose of this review is to consider the potential of LLLT in dental and
oral applications by providing background information on its mechanisms
of action and delivery parameters and by drawing parallels with its use in
analogous cells and tissues from other sites of the body.
A literature search on Medline was performed on laser and light treatments in a range of dental/orofacial applications from 2010 to March
2013. The search results were filtered for LLLT relevance. The clinical papers were then arranged to eight broad dental/orofacial categories and
reviewed.
The initial search returned 2,778 results, when filtered this was reduced
to 153. 41 were review papers or editorials, 65 clinical and 47 laboratory
studies. Of all the publications, 130 reported a positive effect in terms of
pain relief, fast healing or other improvements in symptoms or appearance and 23 reported inconclusive or negative outcomes. Direct application of light as a therapeutic intervention within the oral cavity (rather than
photodynamic therapies, which utilise photosensitising solutions) has
thus far received minimal attention. Data from the limited studies referring to the oral cavity indicate that LLLT may be a reliable, safe and novel
approach for treating a wide range of oral and dental disorders, particularly those with unmet clinical needs.
The potential benefits of LLLT that have been observed in many healthcare fields include improved healing, reduced inflammation and pain control. This suggests that there is a considerable potential for LLLT to be effectively used in treatments of oral tissues.
James.Carroll@thorlaser.com
Pain perception and need for local anesthesia during caries removal in class 1–5
cavity preparations using Er,Cr:YSGG laser — A prospective clinical study
Dr Marina Polonsky DDS, Ottawa, Canada, Prof. Dr Norbert Gutknecht DDS PhD, RWTH University,
Aachen, Germany
Introduction: A number of studies, going as far back as 20 years ago,
have shown effectiveness of Erbium lasers, like Er:YAG and Er,CR:YSGG,
in cavity preparation, without thermal side effects on the pulp, with improved patience acceptance and reduced pain perception over the traditional mechanical means. Erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG), 2,780 nm laser has less evidence in literature
supporting reduced pain perception during cavity preparation than
Er:YAG laser, but is shown to be equally effective.
The study recorded 400 responses from 301 patients (160 males and
141 females) who had carious lesions prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser
system (iPlus by Biolase , Irvine, California). Two different delivery methods of laser energy were compared: Gold handpiece and Turbo handpiece. Pain perception using VAS scale and the percentage of patients
who needed local anesthesia injection was recorded and analyzed statistically.
The study sample consisted of patients, aged 7–93, who gave informed
consent to have their carious lesion prepared and restored without the
initial use of local anesthetic. Preparations were made with either Gold
handpiece with MZ6 firing tip or Turbo handpiece with MZ7 lens tip. Class
1–5 cavities extending into dentin, that fit ICDAS code 3–5 classifications, were the focus of this study. Patients were instructed to stop the
cavity preparation and ask for a local anesthetic injection, should they
perceive a level of pain greater than they were comfortable with.
400 cavity preparations were made with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser system on
301 patients; 200 using Gold handpiece, with MZ6 tip, and 200 using
Turbo handpiece, with MX7 lens tip. It was recorded that a total of 15 %
of the preparations were found to have a degree of pain associated with
them, however only 6 % requested a local anesthetic injection, whereas
the remaining 8 % thought that the level of discomfort was less than the
pain of both receiving an injection and the post-operative numbness of
several hours. 6 % of patients felt cold-water sensitivity that was not interpreted as pain. There was no significant difference found between the
two methods of delivery, comparing Gold vs. Turbo handpiece, however
cold sensitivity was felt in 9 % of Turbo MX7 preparations, compared to
3 % of Gold MZ6 preparations. No significant differences were observed
between male 13 % vs. female 18 % perception of pain from laser cavity preparations.
Er,Cr:YSGG 2,780 nm laser system offers a very good alternative to local anesthesia, for cavity preparations not in close proximity to the pulp,
in patients not suffering from severe dental anxiety in carious lesions.
altavistadental@hotmail.ca
laser
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[38] =>
24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL E.V.
LASER START UP 2015
Clinical Study of Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) and diode (940 nm) Laser supported
periodontal treatment concept according to Gutknecht
Alin Alexandru Odor, Deborah Violant, Victoria Badea, Norbert Gutknecht, Constanta, Romania
Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) and diode (940 nm) lasers can be used as minimally invasive non-surgical devices complementing the conventional periodontal treatment.
Aim: To describe the clinical outcomes of combining Er,Cr:YSGG
(2,780 nm) and diode 940 nm lasers in non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Materials and methods: A total of 13 patients with periodontal disease
(mild, moderate, severe) – 308 teeth and 893 periodontal pockets ranging from 4 mm to 12 mm – were treated with Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm) and
diode (940 nm) lasers in addition to manual and piezoelectric scaling and
root planning (SRP). Periodontal parameters such as mean probing depth
(PD), mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and mean bleeding on probing
(BOP) were evaluated at baseline and six months after the laser treatment
using an electronic periodontal chart. At baseline, the mean PD was
3.9 ± 0.96 mm, mean CAL was 4.49 ± 1.24 mm, and mean BOP was
44.16 ± 21.46 %. At six months after the laser supported periodontal
treatments the mean PD was 2.4 ± 0.59 mm (p < 0.001), mean CAL was
3.25 ± 1.1 mm (p < 0.001) and mean BOP was 15.16 ± 8.89 %
(p < 0.001). Also three patients showed radiographic signs of bone regeneration.
Conclusion: The combination of two laser wavelengths complementing
SRP offers significant improvements of periodontal clinical parameters
such as PD, CAL and BOP.
alin.odor@yahoo.com
Sleep Apnoea & Snoring treatment option with Laser
Dr Jaana Sippus, Vaasa, Finland
Sleep apnoea is a common respiratory disorder, which very often goes
undiagnosed. It has been stated that 75 % of people snoring also suffer from sleep apnoea. Breathing pauses can last from seconds to minutes. Sleep apnoea, usually a chronic condition, disrupts sleep and
changes deep sleep into light sleep while the oxygen level in blood decreases. This increases the risk of developing coronary heart diseases.
Snoring can also cause problems in partnerships, which has the potential to lead to divorce.
Conventional treatments have included everything from oral appliances
to Uvuloplastic operations and Radiofrequency tissue ablation ending
to CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure) mask and alternative
medicine. Minimally invasive dentistry with the use of Laser gives us
now the option for non-ablative Er:YAG tightening of uvula, soft palate
and surrounding tissues. These sleep apnoea and snoring treatments
are made with a fractional hand piece.
The presentation designates the treatment of patients with sleep apnoea using an Er:YAG laser, with a long-term follow-up of an average of
36–48 months. These clinical cases are part of an uncontrolled study
to evaluate the efficacy of laser treatment in snoring and sleep apnoea
therapy. Demonstrative case examples with restrictions and case selection, following Mallampati classification will be included as well as
benefits of NightLase Therapy over conventional treatments.
jaana.sippus@netikka.fi
Die Farbe machts!
Prof. Dr. Gerd Volland, Sevilla, Spanien
In den letzten Jahren wurden im Bereich der Zahnmedizin viele unterschiedliche Farbstoffe in Kombination mit Diodenlasern für den Einsatz
im Bereich der Parodontologie, der Wunddesinfektion, aber auch in der
Endodontie auf den Markt gebracht. Darunter fallen auf der einen Seite
die blauen Farbstoffe wie Methylenblau oder Toluidinblau, auf der anderen Seite die grünen Farbstoffe, die Indocyanin oder Infracyanin. Lange
Diskussionen ob der Frage, es handle sich um fotodynamische oder fotothermischen Wirkungen, entbrannten. In dem Vortrag sollen von physi-
38 I laser
3_ 2015
kalischer Seite die zu erwartenden Wechselwirkungen der Bestrahlung
mit Licht für die Fotosensitizer erläutert und anhand von eigenen Untersuchungen veranschaulicht werden. Daneben werden auch die rechtlichen Grundlagen der Anwendung in Kombination mit Laser am Patienten erörtert.
dr.volland@t-online.de
[39] =>
Non-invasive successful therapy of
deep localized periodontal pockets >10 mm
Gottfried Gisler, Männedorf, Switzerland
The aim of this presentation is to demonstrate that even “hopeless”
teeth with very deep localised periodontal pockets larger than 10 mm
and high mobility degrees can be saved. The preconditions necessary to achieve this goal are a good patient compliance regarding excellent oral hygiene, the elimination of the cause of the pockets, SRP
under anaesthesia followed by laser irradiation.
The treated teeth must be splinted. Every laser wavelength has its own
properties concerning penetration depth, decontamination abilities,
biostimulation, deepithelization and calculus removal. The latter two
treatments were done by an Er:YAG laser, following SRP. The applied
fluence of about 10 J/cm2 is just above the ablation threshold of calculus. A photodynamic therapy with methylene blue and a laser wavelength of 670 nm closed the first treatment session. Three or four laser
treatments with a diode laser 810 nm and/or PDT in intervals of be-
tween four and seven days were executed without anaesthesia. The
patients rinsed their mouths with a 0.2 % CHX solution during this period. No antibiotics and no augmentation procedures were applied.
Reduction of the depth of the pocket to normal health levels resulted
from both, a shrinking of gingiva and bone regeneration. The bone regeneration mainly depends on the anatomy of the pocket and can be
very well predicted. The advantages for the patients of these non-invasive treatment protocols compared to any other surgical procedures are less pain, less swelling, faster healing times and fewer
costs. It is important to recognize laser application as a highly effective, complementary part of the complex puzzle and search for lasting, successful periodontal treatments.
info@zahnarzt-gisler.ch
Using the First 9.3 µm CO2 All-tissue Laser
for Anesthesia-Free Caries Removal and Cavity Preparation
Joshua P. Weintraub, DDS, MD, Stevenson, USA
The Solea laser, a 9.3 µm CO2 dental laser has been shown to conservatively and effectively ablate hard and soft tissue without the need
for injectable anesthetic on any tooth or soft tissue in the oral cavity.
In this case study, the intra-oral effects of this association will be presented.
This case demonstrates the anesthesia-free effect achieved during
the treatment of a deep, three surface cavity preparation of a maxillary second molar (#15 MOL) without the need of an injectable anesthetic. The patient, a 69-year-old female, with a significant medical
history for anxiety and dental phobia presented with a fractured amalgam and recurrent decay on tooth #15 MOL. Clinical intra-oral bitewing radiograph confirms the location and extent of the lesion.
The patient was treated as follows: (1) Topical anesthetic applied to
interdental papilla (TAC 20 comprised of Lidocaine 20 % Tetracaine
4 %, Phenylephrine 2 %), for management of comfort for placement
of interproximal wedge and matrix. (2) 9.3 µm CO2 laser irradiation
outlined the preparation and existing amalgam to a depth of approximately 1.5 mm. Laser set at enamel tissue setting, 0.25 mm spot
size, 15 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist. (3) Amalgam was removed
with high speed turbine handpiece and 245 bur. (4) 9.3 µm CO2 laser
irradiation continued preparation, with an enamel tissue setting,
1.00 mm spot size, 15 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist. Completed
preparation and decay removal with dentin tissue setting, 1.00 mm
spot size, 70 µs pulse duration, 100 % mist followed by slow speed
handpiece utilizing a #6 round bur. (5) Cavosurface margins beveled
utilizing a high speed turbine handpiece with a diamond bur. Desired
analgesic effect maintained throughout entire procedure and clinical
results achieved. (6) Tooth was ready for restoration with Scotchbond
Universal (3M). (7) An approximately 0.5 mm layer of Esthet•Xflow
(DENTSPLY) was placed on the gingival floor of the proximal box.
(8) Restoration was completed with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar
Vivadent) , composite polished with finishing disc. (9) Bite checked
without being inhibited by a local anesthetic onboard. Proper clinical
occlusion for patient achieved and confirmed.
The results suggested that 9.3 µm CO2 laser can provide a consistent
analgesic result in the human mouth.
weintraubdds@gmail.com
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24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL E.V.
LASER START UP 2015
Er,Cr:YSGG whitening: Safety assessment in terms of enamel alterations
and temperature rise in the pulp
Dimitris Strakas, Thessaloniki, Greece
Laser-assisted dental bleaching is highly respected by both patients and
clinicians for its convenience and speed. Many wavelengths have been
utilized for this purpose. Recently the mid-infrared wavelength of Er:YAG
(2,940 nm) has been shown to be effective in dental bleaching To our best
knowledge this is the first published experiments on the wavelength of
Er,Cr:YSGG (2,780 nm). We conducted different in vitro studies to evaluate the temperature increase in the pulp chamber of teeth, during
Er,Cr:YSGG bleaching. We also tested which teeth are the most susceptible in terms of pulp temperature increase during laser activated bleaching treatment and finally how altered is the enamel surface of the irradiated teeth. The laser device utilized was an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2,780 nm,
Waterlase MD, Biolase, USA) and two different bleaching agents with a
concentration of 38 % H2O2. The tip used was a 6 mm long Z-type glass
tip (MZ8) of a 800 µm diameter. Average output power was set to 1,25 W,
pulse duration 700 µs (S-mode), while the pulse repetition rate was 10 Hz.
Results: It was shown that the most susceptible teeth in terms of pulp temperature increase were the lateral maxillary incisors and the mandibular
incisors. The mean temperature increase on these teeth was 1.06 and
1.00 degrees Celsius respectively on 60 sec of Er,Cr:YSGG supported
bleaching. In terms of enamel alterations only minor decrease in surface
micro-hardness was detected. In the present lecture we will also present
combined clinical cases, hoping to encourage Er,Cr:YSGG users on
adding bleaching to their every day treatments with the same “hard tissue” laser device.
dimitris.strakas@gmail.com
Abtrag von Dentin mit einem diodengepumpten Er:YAG-Laser – erste Ergebnisse
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Jörg Meister, Jörg Hurich, Reinhardt Thyzel, Prof. Dr. Matthias Frentzen, Bonn
Diodengepumpte Festkörperlaser im Wellenlängenbereich 3 µm stellen eine
innovative, aber auch herausfordernde Technologie dar. Die reduzierte Baugröße und die zur Verfügung stehenden Laserparameter liefern jedoch neue
Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich Handhabung und Anwendung in der Zahnheilkunde. Mammut-Elfenbein und Dentinscheiben wurden mit dem Prototyp
eines diodengepumpten Er:YAG-Lasers der Fa. A.R.C. Laser GmbH bestrahlt. Die Bestrahlungen erfolgten mit Pulsenergien zwischen 10 und
20 mJ, Pulswiederholraten von 50 bis 200 Hz, einer Pulsdauer von 200 µs
bei Schnittgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 1 und 15 mm/s sowie mit und ohne
Wasserspray. Die Proben wurden hierzu auf einer dreidimensionalen, computergesteuerten Verschiebeeinheit befestigt. Die Schnitttiefen, u.a. zur Bestimmung der Abtragseffizienz, wurden sowohl mit dem Lichtmikroskop als
auch mit einem optischen Profilometer ermittelt. Die Vorversuche am Mam-
mut-Elfenbein ergaben Schnitttiefen von 600 und 500 µm bei entsprechenden Pulswiederholraten von 50 bzw. 100 Hz und Pulsenergien von 20 bzw.
17 mJ. Geeignete Schnittgeschwindigkeiten ergaben sich im Bereich von 2
bis 5 mm/s. Übertragen auf den Dentinabtrag zeigten sich hier Schnitttiefen
zwischen 150 und 500 µm. Die hierbei erreichte maximale Abtragseffizienz
betrug 0,072 mm3/J. Diodengepumpte Erbiumlaser setzen im Vergleich zu
den klassischen Systemen für dentale Anwendungen neue Maßstäbe hinsichtlich der baulichen Größe und des Anschaffungspreises. Zudem ergeben sich Möglichkeiten bezüglich theragnostischer Anwendungen. Die
grundlegende Weiterentwicklung diodengepumpter Systeme bietet somit
eine noch nicht abschätzbare Zukunftsperspektive.
jmeister@uni-bonn.de
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer (Dioden-)laserunterstützten Optimierung
der „roten Ästhetik“
Dr. Michael Schäfer, Düsseldorf
Die Lasertechnologie hat mittlerweile in der Zahnmedizin einen hohen Stellenwert. Bis auf die Bearbeitung der Zahnhartsubstanz kann der Diodenlaser
ein breites Feld an Therapiemöglichkeiten, v.a. in der Weichteilchirurgie, abdecken. Die plastische Parodontaltherapie umfasst unter anderem das
Gebiet der funktionellen Korrektur mukogingivaler Probleme. Die „rote Ästhetik“, aber auch die Funktion, können durch minimalinvasive Eingriffe, zum
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Beispiel mit dem Diodenlaser, optimiert werden. Anhand von Fallbeispielen
werden die Grundlagen verschiedener Eingriffe erörtert und diskutiert. Dabei
werden die Vorteile des Lasers als sinnvoll genutzte Behandlungsalternative
zur konventionellen Technik, zum Beispiel der Skalpelltechnik, aufgearbeitet.
info@dr-michaelschaefer.de
[41] =>
Einfluss der Low-Level-Lasertherapie bei einer durch festsitzende
Multibandapparaturen induzierten Gingivitis
Dr. Steffen Stein, Dr. Michael Schauseil, Prof. Dr. Heike Korbmacher-Steiner, Prof. Dr. Andreas Braun, Marburg
Ziel der Studie war es, den Einfluss einer adjuvanten Low-Level-Lasertherapie (LLLT) bei einer durch festsitzende Multibracketapparaturen
(MB-App.) induzierten Gingivitis zu untersuchen.
Die Studie basiert auf 15 Patienten, deren aktive kieferorthopädische Behandlung mittels einer MB-App. durchgeführt wurde (8 weiblich; 7 männlich; Durchschnittsalter 15,53 Jahre). Nach der Entfernung der MB-App.
(T0), wurde zur Quantifizierung der parodontalen Situation der Blutungsindex (BOP) und der Papillenblutungsindex (PBI) im Oberkiefer (OK) erhoben. Danach erfolgte die standardmäßige Zahnreinigung (ZR). Gemäß
dem durchgeführten Split-Mouth-Design, erhielt jeder Patient randomisiert in einer Oberkieferhälfte eine adjuvante LLLT (Laserseite) und in der
anderen keine zusätzliche Laserbehandlung (Kontrollseite). BOP und PBI
wurden vom gleichen Untersucher 4 bis 6 Tage nach der LLLT erneut erhoben (T1).
BOP- und PBI-Werte zeigten zum Zeitpunkt T0 der Kontroll- und Laserseite keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied (p > 0,05). Die Mess-
werte des BOP und PBI sanken innerhalb der Laser- und Kontrollgruppe
vom Zeitpunkt T0 zu T1 statistisch signifikant (p < 0,05). Diese Verbesserungen waren im Gruppenvergleich zum Zeitpunkt T1 signifikant ausgeprägter in der Lasergruppe (p < 0,05).
Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich nach der ZR auf der Kontroll- und
Laserseite die Werte des BOP- und PBI-Index vom Zeitpunkt T0 zu T1
statistisch signifikant verbesserten. Die statistisch signifikante Abnahme
der BOP- und PBI-Werte vom Zeitpunkt T0 zu T1 auf der Kontrollseite
beschreiben damit den natürlichen Heilungsprozess der Gingiva nach
Entfernung der MB-App. Der Vergleich der BOP- und PBI-Werte zwischen
Laser- und Kontrollseite zum Zeitpunkt T1 zeigt, dass der Einsatz einer
adjuvanten LLLT zu einer statistisch signifikant schnelleren Heilung einer
durch eine MB-App. induzierten Gingivitis führt.
Steffen.Stein@med.uni-marburg.de
Fallberichte zur Nutzung eines 445 nm Diodenlasers in der zahnärztlichen Chirurgie
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Moritz Kebschull, Bonn, Dr. Claudia Dehn, Prof. Dr. Matthias Frentzen
In der prä-prothetischen, plastisch-ästhetischen sowie korrektiven Parodontalchirurgie ist häufig eine modellierende Gingivektomie notwendig. Typische Indikationen sind chirurgische Kronenverlängerungen, gerade aus ästhetischer Indikation, ohne Notwendigkeit einer begleitenden ausgedehnten Resektion des Alveolarknochens, etwa beim Vorliegen eines „Low Crests“ nach Kois, oder die Optimierung von
Weichgewebsübergängen, etwa nach Durchführung eines apikalen Verschiebelappens.
Bei diesen Indikationen wurde bisher oft auf elektrochirurgische Geräte
zurückgegriffen, um bei optimaler Hämostase unter Verwendung zierlicher Elektroden sehr gezielt eine Gingivektomie oder Gingivoplastik
durchzuführen. Allerdings ist die Elektrochirurgie durch eine Vielzahl an
Einschränkungen und Nachteilen gekennzeichnet. In diesem Vortrag
wird anhand von Fallbeispielen aus dem Gebiet der plastisch-ästhetischen Chirurgie die Anwendung eines 445 nm (Blaulicht) Diodenlasers
als sinnvolle Alternative zum Elektrochirurgiegerät demonstriert.
Die Anwendung des Blaulicht-Lasers ermöglicht eine sehr kontrollierte
Modellation der marginalen Gingiva ohne die charakteristischen
Nachteile der Elektrochirurgie und stellt daher für parodontal- und oralchirurgische Indikationen ein sehr vielversprechendes neues Werkzeug
dar.
moritz.kebschull@uni-bonn.de
Theorie, Anwendung und Abrechnung von Periogreen
Dr. Darius Moghtader, Oppenheim
Theorie, Anwendung und Abrechnung von Periogreen. Zusätzlich wird
beschrieben, ob Bakterientests im Rahmen der Parodontitistherapie
sinnvoll sind und welche Hinweise sie uns für die Therapie geben. Zusätzlich wird beschrieben, wie durch Anwendung eines Boosters neben
der photothermischen Wirkung die photodynamische Funktion von Indocyaningrün freigeschaltet und verstärkt werden kann.
dr-moghtader@hotmail.de
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24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL E.V.
LASER START UP 2015
Vergleich der Diodenlaser-Wellenlängen 445 nm und 980 nm – experimentelle
Analyse von Temperatur- und Transmissionseinflüssen bei oralen Geweben
Prof. Dr. Matthias Frentzen, Dr. Christoph Engelbach, Dr. Claudia Dehn, Moez Belghit, Priv.-Doz. Dr. Jörg Meister, Bonn
Für die orale Weichgewebechirurgie haben sich Diodenlaser mit Wellenlängen im NIR klinisch bewährt. Im Rahmen der technischen Weiterentwicklung stehen mittlerweile auch leistungsstarke Laserdioden im
Spektralbereich des blauen Lichts (z.B. 445 nm) zur Verfügung. Ziel
dieser Entwicklung ist die Verbesserung der Lichtabsorption zur Erhöhung der Schnittleistung bei Reduktion der Nekrosezonen.
Grundlage für die Nutzung des blauen Lichts als optisches Skalpell ist
die Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften oraler Weich- und Hartgewebe bei dieser Wellenlänge. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Transmissionsund Temperaturmessungen mithilfe von Temperatursensoren und
einem Thermografiesystem an verschiedenen Gewebemodellen
durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus erfolgte eine morphologische Beurteilung von Weichgewebepräparaten in Bezug auf Schnitteffektivität und
Nekrosezonen.
Als klinisch relevantes Resultat konnte in den Messreihen festgestellt
werden, dass bei Weich- und Hartgeweben im Wellenlängenvergleich
445 nm/980 nm die Absorption im blauen Spektralbereich bei allen
verwendeten Gewebemodellen höher ist; der thermografisch ermittelte Temperaturanstieg auf den bestrahlten Oberflächen lag ebenfalls über den Werten der NIR-Strahlung. Eine höhere Schnittleistung
im blauen Spektralbereich war verbunden mit schmaleren Nekrosezonen. Bei 445 nm Wellenlänge können Schnittführungen auch ohne
Initialisierung der Faser im neuen Contact-Mode durchgeführt werden.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich 445 nm Laserstrahlung aufgrund der
Gewebeparameter hervorragend für Weichgewebe-Interventionen
eignet.
frentzen@uni-bonn.de
Transmission und Temperaturentwicklung von Keramiken unter Laserbestrahlung
mit 810 und 2.940 nm
Rene Franzen, Aachen, Olena Pich, Norbert Gutknecht, Stefan Wolfart
Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Transmission und Temperaturerhöhung dentaler Keramiken unter Laserbestrahlung. Vermessen wurde
e.max Ceram, e.max ZirCAD, und e.max Press sowie Glassionomerzement Ketac Cem. Zum Einsatz kamen ein Er:YAG-Festkörperlaser
(2940 mm, Fidelis III+, Fotona) und ein Diodenlaser (810 nm, FOX, A.R.C.).
Die Keramiken wurden hierzu in variablen Stärken von 0,5–2 mm angefertigt. Es zeigte sich, dass 30–40 % der Strahlung, abhängig von der
Stärke des Materials, absorbiert wurden. Dunklere Keramik absorbierte
hierbei stärker als hellere. Zudem wurden Temperaturanstiege an einem
Zirkon-Zement-Verbund vermessen, die je nach Leistung bis zu 80 °C
betrugen.
We investigated laser transmission and temperature increase of different
dental materials under irradiation. We have used e.max Ceram, e.max Zir-
CAD, and e.max Press dental ceramics and glass ionomer cement Ketac
Cem in the present study. The dental ceramics were prepared in the form
of samples with thickness of 0.5–2 mm. We used two lasers [solid-state
laser (Er:YAG, Fidelis III+, Fotona) and an 810 nm diode laser (FOX, A.R.C)]
for the transillumination of ceramic samples. It has been shown that the
laser radiation transmitted through the ceramic material decreases to
30–40 % depending on the thickness of the irradiated sample. Darker ceramic samples show higher absorption compared to lighter samples. We
investigated the temperature evolution in composite sandwiched ceramic/cement samples under laser treatment. The increase in the irradiation time and laser power led to a temperature increase of up to 80 °C.
rfranzen@ukaachen.de
Ein Jahr Nightlase Anti Schnarch Therapie – erste Erfahrungen
Dr. Thorsten Kuypers, M.Sc., Köln
Seit nunmehr einem Jahr wenden wir das Nightlase-Verfahren in unserer Praxis an, um Schnarchen zu therapieren. Es wurden in dieser Zeit
sowohl habituelles Schnarchen als auch obstruktives Schnarchen und
auch Schlafapnoe behandelt. Es soll nun ein erster Erfahrungsbericht
gegeben werden, wie die Erfolge bewertet werden und wo sich Unter-
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schiede in den verschiedenen Pathologien auswirken. Des Weiteren
wird dargestellt, wie sich die Therapie in den Praxisalltag integrieren
lässt und wo noch Verbesserungspotenzial besteht.
info@laserzahnarzt-koeln.de
[43] =>
Nightlase Anti Schnarch Therapie – Systematik und verbesserte Einteilungen
Dr. Steffen Stein, Dr. Michael Schauseil, Prof. Dr. Heike Korbmacher-Steiner, Prof. Dr. Andreas Braun, Marburg
Seit nunmehr einem Jahr wenden wir das Nightlase Verfahren in unseren Praxen an, um Schnarchen zu therapieren. Es wurden in dieser Zeit
sowohl habituelles Schnarchen als auch obstruktives Schnarchen und
auch Schlafapnoe behandelt.
Es zeigten sich durch unsere Erfahrungen Lücken in der Aufklärung der
Patienten und der Patientenselektion. Aufbauend auf diesen Erfahrungen entwickelten wir eine erste Systematik, die diese Lücken schließen
soll.
Wir stellen diese erste Systematik vor, die zur besseren Selektion der
Patienten beiträgt. Des Weiteren wollen wir eine verbesserte Aufklärung präsentieren, die einer entsprechenden Systematik folgt. Diese
soll dazu beitragen, eine Einteilung und Risikoabschätzung des zu erwartenden Behandlungserfolges zu ermöglichen. Eine anschließende
Diskussion soll den Vortrag abrunden.
info@dralte.de
Kontamination von optischen Fasern im Rahmen endodontischer Laserapplikation
Dr. med. dent. Markus Krema, Hachenburg, Dr. Jörg Meister, Bonn, Prof. Dr. Matthias Frentzen, Aachen
Ziel der Studie war zu untersuchen, ob es an der Oberfläche einer LaserFiber nach erfolgter chemo-mechanischer Wurzelkanalbehandlung zu einer Kontamination kommt und somit ein Risiko zur Kreuzkontamination
durch diese Fiber besteht.
In-vitro wurden 45 Fiberenden einer optischen Faser mit E. faecalis kontaminiert, um unterschiedliche, effektive Desinfektionsmaßnahmen zu evaluieren. Fünf Gruppen wurden gebildet: eine Kontrollgruppe ohne jegliche
Desinfektionsmaßnahmen, Wischdesinfektion, Einlage in 70% Alkohol, die
Kombination dieser beiden Methoden, und die Sterilisation im Autoklav.
In-vivo wurden 10 Zähne von 9 Patienten mit bestehender Pulpanekrose
untersucht. Fünf Gruppen wurden gebildet. Eine sterile Papierspitze wurde
vor der Wurzelkanalbehandlung in den Kanal eingebracht und auf einer
Agar-Platte platziert (Gruppe I). Nach der chemo-mechanischen Wurzelkanalaufbereitung mit einer modifizierten ProTaperNext™-Methode wurde
eine weitere Papierspitze fixiert (Gruppe II).Anschließend wurde die optische
Faser desinfiziert, im Kanal zur Dekontamination des Hauptkanals und des
umgebenden Dentins verwendet und nach jedem der drei Dekontaminationsmaßnahmen auf der Agar-Platte ausgestrichen (Gruppen III–V).
Die In-vivo-Studie zeigte in allen Fiberabschnitten der Kontrollgruppe eine
massive Infektion. Alle anderen Desinfektionsmaßnahmen waren effektiv
gegenüber der bakteriellen Besiedelung (eine Ausnahme in der „Kombinationsgruppe“).
Die In-vitro-Studie konnte die Infektion eines jeden Zahnes vor chemo-mechanischer Wurzelkanalbehandlung nachweisen. Keinerlei Bakterienwachstum konnte an den weiteren Untersuchungsgruppen festgestellt
werden – weder an der zweiten eingebrachten Papierspitze, noch an den
Ausstrichen der Laser-Fiber.
Es wurde keine Kontamination der Oberfläche an der optischen Fiber nach
der beschriebenen chemo-mechanischen Wurzelkanalbehandlung und
der Desinfektionsmaßnahmen nach der Dekontamination des Wurzelkanals und des darunterliegenden Dentins festgestellt. Demnach ist nach
Gebrauch der beschriebenen Methoden eine Kreuzkontamination durch
eine optische Fiber zwischen zwei Wurzelkanälen eines Patienten höchstwahrscheinlich auszuschließen.
zahnarzt@dr-krema.de
Antibiotikafreie Kombinationstherapie bei marginaler Parodontitis
mit kreuzvernetzter Hyaluronsäure und Laserlicht
Jiaoshou (Prof. Shandong University, China) Dr. med. Frank Liebaug, Steinbach-Hallenberg
Die positiven Effekte von Laserlicht im biologischen Gewebe sind heute
unstrittig. Ebenso ist eine Reihe von heilungsbegünstigenden Eigenschaften der Hyaluronsäure bekannt. Was liegt da näher, als in einer
Studie den klinischen Verlauf der marginalen Parodontitis in einer Kombinationstherapie aus kreuzvernetzter Hyaluronsäure und Laserlicht
der Wellenlänge 1.064 nm zu untersuchen?
In einer Zeit, in der immer mehr und häufiger von Antibiotikaresistenzen berichtet wird, wächst die Zahl der Patienten und Behandler, die
nach klinisch relevanten Alternativen mit bestmöglich vorhersagbarem
Ergebnis suchen.
Die vorgestellte klinische Studie soll in einem Anwendungszeitraum
von zwölf Monaten anhand von Patientenfällen neue Wege im Rahmen
der systematischen Parodontitistherapie aufzeigen.
info@ellen-institute.com
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24. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGL E.V.
LASER START UP 2015
Management und Entfernung von gingivalen Hyperpigmentierungen
mittels Diodenlaser: Fallpräsentationen
Ioannis Papadimitriou, Athen, Griechenland, Dr. P. Almagoyt, Christina Vassiliadi
Zahnfleisch-Melaninpigmentierung (GMP) ist ein weit verbreitetes
Erscheinungsbild, die in allen Rassen auftreten kann. Die gingivale
Hyperpigmentierung wird überwiegend als genetisches Merkmal von
einigen Populationen gesehen. Die orale Pigmentierung wird mit einer Vielzahl von exogenen und endogenen ätiologischen Faktoren
verbunden. Die meisten Pigmentierungen werden von fünf Hauptpigmenten verursacht: Melanin, Oxyhämoglobin, Melanoid, Karotin und
reduziertes Hämoglobin. Eisen und Bilirubin sind weitere Cofaktoren.
Melanin, ein braunes Pigment, ist die häufigste Ursache von endogener Zahnfleischpigmentierung und ist die am meisten vorherrschende gingivale Pigmentierung. Hyperpigmentierung, in bestimmten Zahnfleischstellen lokalisiert oder als generalisiertes Erscheinungsbild, wird mehr als ein ästhetisches statt ein medizinisches Problem präsentiert. Dieses Problem ist bei Patienten mit einer
"gummy-smile" verschärft. Verschiedene Depigmentierungtechniken sind eingesetzt worden, wie Skalpell-Chirurgie Gingivektomie,
Kryo-, Elektrochirurgie, Abriebdiamantbohrer, Nd:YAG-, CO2- und
Dioden-Laser.
Ziel der Studie ist die Darstellung von klinischen Fällen mit GMP und
die nicht-chirurgische Verwendung eines Diodenlaser zur Depigmentierung, die Operationsabläufe und die postoperative Wundheilung.
Die Studie wurde in der zahnärztlichen Abteilung des Allgemeinen
Krankenhauses Westattika in Athen durchgeführt, bei Patienten mit
lokalisierten Zahnfleischhyperpigmentierungen im vestibulären
Oberkieferfrontzahnbereich. Die Operationen wurden mit einem
810 nm Diodenlaser durchgeführt.
Ästhetik ist zu einem sehr wichtigen Aspekt der Zahnmedizin geworden und Ärzte müssen sowohl mit der Erreichung akzeptabler Zahnfleischästhetik sowie Behandlung von biologischen und funktionellen
Problemen konfrontieren. Obwohl mehrere Depigmentierungstechniken derzeit angewendet werden, ist normalerweise eine EinSchritt-Laserbehandlung in der Regel ausreichend, um die pigmentierten Zonen zu eliminieren.
Diodenlaser werden im Dauerstrich- oder gepulst-Modus betrieben.
Laserlicht mit 800–980 nm wird schlecht im Wasser und hervorragend im Hämoglobin und Melanin absorbiert. Da Diodenlaser nicht
mit Zahnhartsubstanz interagiert, ist der Einsatz dieser Laserart in der
Weichgewebechirurgie ausgezeichnet. Dies hat den Vorteil der einfachen Handhabung, kurze Behandlungszeit, Blutstillung und des Dekontaminations- und Sterilisationseffektes.
giannis.papadimitriou_4@hotmail.com
Endo oder Ex? (Mittel- und langfristige Zahnerhaltung in Grenzfällen
mittels laserunterstützter Endodontie)
Dr. Iris Brader, M.Sc., Meiningen
In der täglichen Praxis begegnen uns immer wieder Fälle, bei denen eine
Extraktion kurz- oder mittelfristig nicht angezeigt ist. Die Gründe reichen
von gesundheitlich kompromittierten Patienten über private Probleme
bis hin zu finanziellen Engpässen.
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Anhand klinischer Fallbeispiele sollen Möglichkeiten der Zahnerhaltung
auch für „hoffnungslose“ Fälle aufgezeigt und diskutiert werden.
drbrader@laserzahnarzt-meiningen.de
[45] =>
In-vivo Fissurenkaries-Prävention mit einem kurzgepulsten CO2-Laser
und Fluoridlack
Prof. Dr. Peter Rechmann, San Francisco, USA
Kürzlich wurde über 86 Prozent in-vivo GlattflächendemineralisationReduktion nach kurzgepulster 9.6 µm CO2-Laser Bestrahlung berichtet (Rechmann 2008, 2010). Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine 12-monatige, einfach-blind, klinische Pilotstudie zur okklusalen Kariesverhinderung mit einem CO2-Laser durchzuführen. 20 Patienten wurden rekrutiert. Zweite Molaren wurden in Test- und Kontrollgruppen
randomisiert. Der Kariesgrad wurde mit dem International Caries Detection & Assessment System (ICDAS) und mit dem SOPROLIFE Fluoreszenz Kamerasystem (SOPRO-Acteon) erfasst. Die Testfissuren wurden mit dem CO2-Laser (Pulse System, NM), Wellenlänge 9.6 µm, Pulsdauer 20 µs, Pulswiederholungsrate 20 Hz, Strahldurchmesser
800 µm, Durchschnittsflussdichte 4.5 ± 0.5 J/cm2, 20 Laserpulse per
Bestrah-lungspunkt bestrahlt. Bei jedem Recall wurden die okklusalen
Flächen mit ICDAS und dem SOPROLIFE System untersucht. Alle Patienten erhielten Fluoridlack am Start der Studie und nach 6 Monaten.
Nach drei Monaten betrug die Durchschnittsänderung der ICDAS Rate
für die Testmolaren – 0.10 ± 0.14 und für die Kontrollmolaren
0.30 ± 0.18, nach 6 Monaten – 0.26 ± 0.13 für die Test- und
0.47 ± 0.16 für die Kontrollmolaren, und nach 12 Monaten
– 0.31 ± 0.15 beziehungsweise 0.75 ± 0.17, (p = 0.001 für 6 Monate,
p < 0.0001 für 12 Monate). Nach drei Monaten zeigte das SOPROLIFE
System (blaue Fluoreszenz) statistisch signifikante Unterschiede für die
durchschnittliche Änderung zwischen der Test- und der Kontrollgruppe
(–0.55 ± 0.15, 0.10 ± 0.16; p = 0.006); für SOPROLIFE im Tageslichtmodus waren die durchschnittlichen Änderungen auch statistisch signifikant unterschiedlich (p zwischen 0.009 und 0.02).
Kurzgepulste 9.6 µm CO2-Laser Bestrahlung reduziert über 12 Monate
signifikant Fissurenkaries im Vergleich zu alleiniger FluoridlackAnwendung. Nach ersten erfolgreichen Labortests werden ähnlich
vielversprechende Resultate in einer klinischen Studie zur Prävention
von Fissurenkaries mit dem neuen kurzgepulsten 9.3 µm CO2-Solea
Laser (Convergent Dental, Natick, MA) erwartet.
Peter.Rechmann@ucsf.edu
Antimikrobielle Wirkung von blauem Laserlicht
Dr. Christoph Engelbach, Bonn, Dr. Jörg Meister, Bonn, Prof. Dr. Matthias Frentzen, Aachen
Ziel der Untersuchung war der Nachweis bakterizider Effekte eines
neuartigen Blaulicht-Lasers (λ= 445 nm) auf oral-pathogene Keime im
Vergleich zu einem kommerziell vertriebenen Diodenlaser mit einer
Wellenlänge von 980 nm (SIROLaser Advance®). Die Hauptversuche
wurden mit zwei verschiedenen Bakterienstämmen durchgeführt: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 und Streptococcus salivarius subsp.
salivarius DSM 20067. S. salivarius wurde aus einer Kryokultur in
Brain-Heart-Infusion-Bouillon (Oxoid, Wesel) bei 37 °C aerob kultiviert,
während E. faecalis in einer CASO-Bouillon (Merck, Darmstadt) bei
37 °C aerob kultiviert wurde. Die beiden Bakterienstämme Enterococcus faecalis und Streptococcus salivarius wurden jeweils aus dem
Flüssigmedium mit einer OD von 0,2 zu einem CASO-Underlay-Agar
(Merck, Darmstadt) hinzugegeben. Bakterien und Underlay-Agar wurden nach Vermischung in eine Petrischale (Außendurchmesser 9,4 cm;
Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Frickenhausen) gegossen. Zwei zusätzliche
Agarplatten mit 10%igem SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) bzw. dem
Antibiotikum Ampicillin (25 mg/ml) dienten als Positiv-Kontrollen. Nach
einem für beide Lasersysteme identischem Schema erfolgte die Bestrahlung an jeweils sieben verschiedenen Stellen, die zuvor an der
Unterseite des Petrischalenbodens markiert wurden. Die Bestrahlungsparameter variierten von 0,1–1 W für den 445 nm- und 0,5–2 W
für den 980 nm-Laser bei einer Bestrahlungsdauer von 5–20 s. Der Abstand der Faserspitze von der Probenoberfläche betrug 1 mm. Parallel
zur Bestrahlung wurde mit einer Thermokamera die Temperaturentwicklung ermittelt sowie mithilfe eines Leistungs- und Energiemessgerätes (LabMaxTM-TOP, Coherent GmbH, Dieburg) in Kombination mit
einem thermischen Leistungssensor die Transmission gemessen. Die
Auswertung der Temperaturdaten und die Definition des Messbereiches wurden anhand der Software IRBIS 3 professional (InfraTec
GmbH, Dresden) vorgenommen. Nach Bestrahlung der mit den Bakterien beimpften Petrischalen, erfolgte die Überschichtung der Agarplatte mit 10 ml autoklaviertem 2x CASO-Overlay-Agar (Merck, Darmstadt), das die für das weitere Bakterienwachstum obligaten nutritiven
Substanzen enthält. Die Agarplatten wurden für 48 Stunden aerob bei
37 °C bebrütet und nach definierten Zeitabständen makroskopisch
und mikroskopisch untersucht.
Der 445 nm-Laser zeigte bereits bei sehr geringen Leistungen und kurzen Bestrahlungsdauern signifikante bakterizide Effekte bei beiden
verwendeten Bakterienstämmen, die nachweislich nicht auf thermisch-induzierte Effekte zurückzuführen waren. Diese Untersuchung
legt nahe, dass der verwendete Blaulicht-Laser effektive antimikrobielle Wirkungen in Bezug auf die Bakterienstämme E.faecalis und
S.salivarius zeigt und somit in der Weichteilchirurgie, Endodontie und
Parodontologie von profundem klinischem Interesse sein könnte.
c.engelbach@gmx.de
laser
3
I 45
_ 2015
[46] =>
NEWS
germany
Erbium-Laser mit
Studie enthüllt
patentierten Technologien
Gehirn zieht Zucker
Süßstoffen vor
Während der IDS konnten sich Besucher am Stand von Fotona einen eigenen
Eindruck vom preisgekrönten dentalen Laser LightWalker AT S machen. Internationale Experten aus dem Bereich der Laserzahnmedizin standen rund um
die Uhr zur Beantwortung von Fragen zur Verfügung und demonstrierten die erweiterten Funktionen des Lasers – besonders bei schwer zu behandelnden Erkrankungen wie Periimplantitis.
Das State of the Art-Design, die Bauweise und patentierten Technologien haben den
Laser zu einem weltweit am schnellsten schneidenden Erbium-Laser gemacht. In
puncto Schnelligkeit und Präzision übertrifft er damit sogar rotierende Bohrer.
Gleichzeitig bietet das Gerät ein großes Spektrum effektiver Hart- und Weichgewebsbehandlungen. Typische Prozeduren mit diesem Laser sind schneller, einfacher auszuführen, weniger schmerzvoll und benötigen eine kürzere Heilungszeit,
verglichen mit konventionellen Behandlungen. Das LightWalker AT-System enthält
leistungsstarke Er:YAG- und Nd:YAG-Laser, 20 W und Fotonas patentierte VSP- und
QSP-Pulstechnologien für eine bestmögliche Leistung und Kontrolle während einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen, beginnend bei einfacher Kavitätenpräparation bis zur Implantologie und Endodontie.
Die gemeinhin als lästig und eklig empfundene
Fruchtfliege – Drosophila melanogaster – könnte
eventuell die Antwort liefern, warum wir von
künstlichen Zuckern nicht so satt werden, wie von
natürlichen.
Monica Dus und ihr Kollegen von der University of
Michigan haben sich spezieller mit der Fruchtfliege und ihrem Ess- bzw. Sättigungsverhalten
auseinandergesetzt. Sie haben in einer Studie
untersucht wie sie verschiedene Zucker zu sich
[PICTURE: ©AFRICA STUDIO]
LightWalker AT ist auch der erste Erbium-Laser auf dem zahnmedizinischen Markt mit einer digital kontrollierten Handstück-Technologie (X-Runner®), der den Zahnärzten neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und
eine bessere Präzision ermöglicht.
Quelle: Fotona
Existenzgründung Zahnärzte
Frauen sind zurückhaltender
[PICTURE: ©NINAMALYNA]
Obwohl fast jede zweite Zahnarztpraxis von einer
Frau gegründet wird, entscheiden sich Zahnärztinnen öfter für die Anstellung als ihre männlichen
Kollegen. Dies untermauert die Existenzgründungsanalyse Zahnärzte 2014, die jährlich von der
Deutschen Apotheker- und Ärztebank (apoBank)
und dem Institut der Deutschen Zahnärzte (IDZ)
durchgeführt wird.
Der Anteil der weiblichen Existenzgründer lag
2014 bei 48 Prozent. Dieses „Gleichgewicht“ findet sich jedoch nicht unter den studierenden Zahn-
46 I laser
3_ 2015
medizinern wieder: Mit über 64 Prozent stellen dort
Frauen die Mehrheit dar. Dieser Feminisierungstrend unter den Zahnmedizinstudenten weist darauf hin, dass Frauen sich immer noch eher für eine
Anstellung entscheiden als für die Selbstständigkeit. Die Berater der apoBank sind auf den Gesundheitsmarkt spezialisiert und in der Lage, mithilfe eines interaktiven Beratungsprogramms die
Vorstellungen der Zahnärztin hinsichtlich der Praxisinvestitionen durchzuspielen. Es ist zum Beispiel möglich, auszurechnen, welche Gesamteinnahmen erforderlich sind, um die Vorstellungen zu
Praxisinvestitionen und privater Lebenshaltung realisieren zu können. Die Analyse der apoBank und
des IDZ zeigt auch, dass Zahnärztinnen mit durchschnittlich 231.000 Euro – im Fall der Übernahme
als Einzelpraxis – weniger in die Existenzgründung
investierten als ihre männlichen Kollegen mit im
Schnitt 295.000 Euro. Sie ziehen es vor, mit kleineren Praxen zu beginnen, die leichter zu handhaben
sind, um dann langsam mit ihrem Patientenstamm
zu wachsen.
nehmen und was dabei in ihrem Neuronennetz vor
sich geht. Sie konnten sechs Zellen ausmachen,
die das diuretische Hormon 44 (Dh44) produzieren, wenn Nährstoffe aufgenommen werden – bekamen die Fliegen nährstoffarme Zucker, so reagierten die Neurozellen anders. Das Hormon Dh44
wird bei den Fruchtfliegen wiederum im Verdauungstrakt und im Gehirn von Rezeptoren wahrgenommen. Dadurch stellt sich ein Sättigungsgefühl
ein. Ein ähnlicher Mechanismus könnte auch beim
Menschen ablaufen. Bei der Zufuhr von künstlich
gesüßten Nährmitteln, die über „leere Kalorien“
verfügen, stellt sich nicht so schnell ein Sättigungsgefühl ein wie beim Konsum von Glukose
oder Fruktose. Die Fliegen wählten daher im Test
den nahrhaften Zucker.
[47] =>
Antwort:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde e.V.
c/o Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Klinik für Zahnerhaltung
Pauwelsstraße 30
52074 Aachen
Tel.: 0241 8088164
Fax: 0241 803388164
E-Mail: sekretariat@dgl-online.de
Bank: Sparkasse Aachen
IBAN: DE56 3905 0000 0042 0339 44
BIC: AACSDE33
Aufnahmeantrag (Deutsch)
Name/Titel:
Vorname:
Geb.-Datum:
Approbation:
Status:
selbstständig
angestellt
Beamter
Student
ZMF/ZAH
Adresse: Praxis/Dienststelle/Institut (Unzutreffendes bitte streichen)
PLZ/Ort:
Straße:
Telefon/Fax:
E-Mail:
Privat/Ort:
Straße:
Aufgrund des bestehenden Assoziationsvertrages zwischen der DGL und der DGZMK fällt zusätzlich ein reduzierter Jahresbeitrag für die DGZMK an (85 € p.a., falls Sie noch nicht Mitglied der DGZMK sind). Der Beitragseinzug erfolgt durch die
DGZMK-Geschäftsstelle, Liesegangstr. 17a, 40211 Düsseldorf. Sie werden hierfür angeschrieben.
Mit der Stellung dieses Aufnahmeantrages versichere ich, dass ich
seit dem
in der eigenen Praxis mit einem Laser des Typs
arbeite. (genaue Bezeichnung)
in der Praxis
beschäftigt bin.
in der Abt. der Universität
beschäftigt bin.
Ich beantrage die Aufnahme in die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Laserzahnheilkunde e.V.
Ort, Datum
vollständige Unterschrift
Jahresbeitrag: Für stimmberechtigte Mitglieder bei Bankeinzug 150,00 €.
Sofern keine Einzugsermächtigung gewünscht wird, wird ein Verwaltungsbeitrag von 31,00 € p.a. fällig.
EINZUGSERMÄCHTIGUNG
Ich bin einverstanden, dass der DGL-Mitgliedsbeitrag von meinem Konto abgebucht wird.
Name:
IBAN:
BIC:
Geldinstitut:
Unterschrift des Kto.-Inhabers
Diese Erklärung gilt bis auf schriftlichen Widerruf
[48] =>
NEWS
germany
Zahnkaries, verursacht durch
Zahnerkrankungskosten von
Stress in der Schwangerschaft
Jährlich 442 Milliarden US-Dollar
Eine neue Studie hat jetzt herausgefunden, dass chronischer Stress in der
Schwangerschaft das Risiko von Zahnkaries beim Nachwuchs signifikant erhöht. Ein Forscherteam des Dental Institutes am King’s College London und
der University of Washington hat für die vorliegenden Studienergebnisse im
Rahmen des Forschungsprogrammes National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 716 Mütter im Alter von 30 Jahren und deren Kinder
zwischen zwei und sechs Jahren von 1988 bis 1994 untersucht und so einen
engen Zusammenhang zwischen pränatalem Stress und Karies bei Kindern
feststellen können.
Karies, Parodontitis und Zahnverlust verursachen
weltweit jedes Jahr Milliardenkosten und finanzielle Einbußen, wie ein internationales Wissenschaftlerteam unter Leitung von Professor Dr. Dr.
Während der Schwangerschaft wurden bei den Müttern die biologischen
Marker von chronischem Stress, wie Blutdruck, Cholesterin und Taillenumfang, näher analysiert. Zudem flossen Parameter, wie der sozioökonomische Status der Mütter, das Frühstücksverhalten der Kleinen, die Zahl
der Kinderzahnarztbesuche, die Anfälligkeit für Kinderkaries und das
Stillverhalten der Mütter mit ein. Wie sich herausstellte, waren besonders die Kinder anfällig für Zahnkaries, deren Mütter zwei
oder mehrere biologische Marker für Stress aufwiesen. Zudem wirke sich auch der sozioökonomische Status auf die spätere Kariesbildung
aus, berichten die Forscher. Kinder, die nicht
gestillt wurden, wiesen ebenfalls ein erhöhtes
[PICTURE: ©RUDCHENKO LILIIA]
Risiko der Zahnkaries auf.
[PICTURE: ©SERGZSV.ZP]
elexxion AG veröffentlicht
[PICTURE: ©LASSEDESIGNEN]
Geschäftsbericht 2014
Die im Entry Standard der Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse
notierte elexxion AG legte vor Kurzem ihren Geschäftsbericht vor. Im Berichtsjahr 2014 erwirtschaftete das
Medizintechnikunternehmen im Bereich innovativer
Dentallasersysteme Umsatzerlöse in Höhe von
TEUR 1.715 (2013: TEUR 2.271). Sowohl die Umsätze
im Heimatmarkt Deutschland als auch im Ausland waren im Vergleich zum Vorjahr rückläufig und lagen damit unter den Erwartungen.Dieser Rückgang wurde im
Wesentlichen durch eingetretene, nicht vorhersehbare Marktbedingungen sowie produktbezogen auch
durch Leistungen Dritter verursacht. So kam es im Produktbereich zu Zeitverzögerungen bei einem der Spitzenmodelle, dem elexxion delos 3.0. Im Exportgeschäft konnte das Unternehmen die Nachfrage nach
ihren Produkten aufgrund von Einfuhrbeschränkungen in Asien und überdurchschnittlich lange Bearbeitungszeiten für die Zulassungen der Produkte nicht
bedienen. Absatzziele in Nigeria mussten wegen geopolitischer Widrigkeiten aufgegeben werden. Der
Auslandsumsatz belief sich im Berichtsjahr auf
48 I laser
3_ 2015
TEUR 1.130 gegenüber TEUR 1.541 im Vorjahr. Dies
entspricht einer nahezu unveränderten Exportquote
von 66 Prozent (2013: 68 Prozent). In Deutschland
sank der Umsatz von TEUR 730 im Vorjahr auf
TEUR 585 im Berichtsjahr. Der Reduzierung der Umsätze liegt ein Rückgang bei Dental-Laser-Systemen
im In- und Ausland zugrunde. Des Weiteren ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die IDS-Messe im Vorjahreszeitraum sowohl im Inland als auch im Ausland zu einer positiven Umsatzentwicklung beigetragen hatte, während im Jahr 2014 entsprechende Impulse fehlten.
Quelle: elexxion AG
Stefan Listl, Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltungskunde
des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, nun ermittelt hat. Allein die Behandlungskosten liegen
weltweit bei rund 298 Milliarden US-Dollar (rund
266 Milliarden Euro) jährlich. Dazu kommen pro
Jahr sogenannte Produktivitätsverluste am Arbeitsmarkt, z.B. bedingt durch Fehltage, in einer
Größenordnung von geschätzt 144 Milliarden USDollar (etwa 129 Milliarden Euro). Die Ergebnisse
sind vor Kurzem im Journal of Dental Research erschienen. Zum Vergleich: Im gleichen Berechnungszeitraum wurden die Behandlungskosten für
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen auf 474 Milliarden
US-Dollar (rund 423 Milliarden Euro) und für Diabetes auf 376 Milliarden US-Dollar (336 Milliarden
Euro) geschätzt.
Für die Studie werteten die Wissenschaftler aus
Heidelberg, Dundee und London, England, mehrere Datenquellen aus, darunter u.a. die Global
Health Expenditure Database der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) und die Global Burden of
Disease Study 2010.
Quelle: Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische
Fakultät Heidelberg
[49] =>
Einladung zur DGL Mitgliederversammlung
DGL Kongress 2015
27. November 2015
in Berlin, Hotel Palace
14.00 – 15.30 Uhr
Tagesordnung:
TOP 1
TOP 2
TOP 3
TOP 4
TOP 5
TOP 6
TOP 7
TOP 8
Genehmigung der Tagesordnung
Bericht des DGL Vorstandes
Entlastung des amtierenden Vorstandes
Wahl des DGL Vorstandes
25. DGL Jubiläumskongress 2016
WFLD Weltkongress 2018/2020 in Deutschland
Anträge zur Mitgliederversammlung
Verschiedenes
Assoziierte Gesellschaft
der DGZMK
dgl-jahrestagung.de
startup-laser.de
DGL c/o Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Klinik für ZPP, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen
[50] =>
I about the publisher
laser
international magazine of
laser dentistry
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50 I laser
3_ 2015
[51] =>
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