Non-surgical repair of a cervical resorptive defect utilizing a fast set self curing bioceramic root repair material / Irrigation dynamics in root canal therapy / FKG Dentaire: Advocating for more conservative and successful endodontic treatment
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Untitled
Dental tribune Middle East & Africa Edition | January-February 2016
ENDO tribuNE 1b
Non-surgical repair of a cervical resorptive
defect utilizing a fast set self curing bioceramic
root repair material
by ilya Mer, russia and Martin
trope, uSA
terial. Clinically the tooth has
maintained its natural color.
A
Key words
Cervical root resorption, treatment, repair, pre-mixed bioceramic
bstract:
This paper describes
the conservative treatment of a cervical root resorption defect with premixed
bioceramic putty. The patient
presented with a sinus tract
associated with a cervical resorptive defect. Usually these
lesions are treated with an
external approach that results
in destruction of the marginal
attachment. After disinfection,
a new pre-mixed bioceramic
material that does not discolor
was used internally to seal the
defect. Follow-up shows that
the sinus tract is not present
and that there is bone ill in
adjacent to the bioceramic ma-
introduction
Bioceramics are ceramic materials speciically designed
for use in medicine and dentistry. They include alumina
and zirconia, bioactive glass,
coatings and composites, hydroxyapetite and resorbable
calcium phosphates, and radiotherapy glasses (1-3).
Bioceramics are widely used
for orthopedic applications
(joint or tissue replacement),
for coatings to improve the
biocompatibility of metal im-
Pulp Cap - Immediate Post Op
plants, and can function as resorbable lattices that provide a
framework that is eventually
dissolved as the body rebuilds
tissue (4).
There are numerous bioceramics currently in use in
Follow up at 20 months
dentistry and medicine. Alumina and zirconia are bioinert
ceramics used in prosthetics.
Bioactive glass and glass ceramics are available for use in
dentistry under various trade
names. In addition porous ce-
ramics such as calcium- phosphate based materials have
been used for illing bone
defects. Also some calcium
> Page 2B
Pre-Op
Post-Op
Tooth 14
Dx : previously treated with asyptomatic
apical periodontitis
Tx : Non-surgical root canal retreatment
Final preparation : Buccal 30/.04 - Palatal: 35/.04
We love endo !
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Stand 8E10
Case completed with
D-Race
Desobturation
Race
Shaping
XP-endo Finisher
Finishing
TotalFill
Obturation
Pr Khaled Balto, Saudi Arabia
2-4 February 2016
« Biologic adaptation of emerging technologies
maximises teeth preservation and treatment results. »
FKG Dentaire SA
www.fkg.ch
[2] =>
Untitled
ENDO tribuNE
Dental tribune Middle East & Africa Edition | January-February 2016
< Page 1B
silicates (MTA (Tulsa Dental))
and Bioaggregate (DiaDent)
have been used in dentistry as
root repair materials and for
apical root illing materials.
Properties of Endodontic
bioceramic Materials
Endodontic bioceramics are
not sensitive to moisture and
blood
contamination
and
therefore are not technique
sensitive (5). They are dimensionally stable and expand
slightly on setting, making
them one of the best sealing
materials in dentistry (5).
When set they are hard allowing full compaction of a inal
restoration and are insoluble
over time ensuring the superior long-term seal. The pH
when setting is above 12 due to
the hydration reaction forming
calcium hydroxide and later
dissociation into calcium and
hydroxyl ions (6).
Therefore when unset the material has antibacterial properties. When fully set it is biocompatible and even bioactive.
When bioceramic materials
come in contact with tissue
luids, they release calcium hydroxide that can interact with
phosphates in the tissue luids
to form hydroxyapatite.
Few clinicians realize that
original MTA is a classical
bioceramic material with the
addition of some heavy metals. MTA is one of the most extensively researched materials
in the dental ield (7,8). It has
the properties of all bioceramics i.e. high pH when unset,
biocompatible and bioactive
when set and provides an excellent seal over time. However, it has some disadvantages.
The initial setting time is at
least 3 hours. It requires mixing (resulting in considerable
waste), it is not easy to manipulate, and is hard to remove.
Clinically, both gray and white
MTA stain dentin, presumably
due to the heavy metal content
of the material or the inclusion
of blood pigment while setting
(Fig. 1)(9,10).
Figure 1. Clinical and radiographic view showing a sinus tract which when
traced pointed to a cervical defect on the distal of tooth 11.
Figure 2. The bleeding defect is seen in the cervical area at the initiation of the
retreatment of the root canal.
Figure 3. Resolution of the sinus tract with a dry defect internally. The defect
was illed from an internal approach with BC putty. Calcium hydroxide was
placed into the canal for an additional 2 weeks.
Figure 4. Access opening showing gutta-percha in the root canal and BC putty
in the resorptive defect. The radiograph is the immediate post operative situation.
Finally, MTA is hard to apply
in narrow canals, making the
material poorly suited for use
as a sealer. Efforts have been
made to overcome these shortcomings with new compositions of MTA or with additives.
However, these formulations
affect MTA’s physical and mechanical characteristics.
2nd Generation bioCeramics:
Endodontic Pre-Mixed bioceramics
These products are available
in North America as Endosequence® BC Sealer™ (BC sealer), Endosequence® Root Repair Material Paste™ (BC RRM
Paste Syringable) and Endosequence® Root Repair Material
Putty™ (BC RRM Putty) (Brasseler, USA Dental LLC, Savannah, GA).
Recently, these materials have
also been made available outside North America as Totalill® BC Sealer™, TotalFill®
BC RRM™ Paste and TotalFill® BC RRM™Putty.
All three forms of bioceramic
are similar in chemical composition (calcium silicates, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide,
calcium phosphate monoba-
6 moNths follow up
15 moNths follow up
Figure 5 .Clinically probing was normal and the sinus tract had disappeared.
The 6 and 15 month follow up radiographs show bone ill in of the resorptive
defect.
sic and illers), have excellent
mechanical and biological
properties and good handling
properties. They are hydrophilic, insoluble, radiopaque,
aluminum-free, high pH, and
require moisture to set and
harden. The working time is
more than 30 minutes, and the
setting time is 4 hours in normal conditions, depending of
the amount of moisture available.
In addition, Totalill® Fast Set
Putty™ has recently been introduced into the market that
has all the properties of the
original putty but has a faster
setting time (approximately 20
minutes).
Studies on Endodontic PreMixed bioceramic materials
To date, more than 50 studies
have been performed on Premixed Endodontic Bioceramic
materials. The vast majority
of these studies have shown
that the properties conform to
those expected of a bioceramic material and are similar to
MTA.
Case report
A 29 year old Caucasian female
presented pointing to Tooth
11 complaining that her tooth
was mobile and pus was present in her gum. Her medical
history was non-contributory.
Her dental history was that she
had had root treatment on the
Tooth 11 years previously. The
tooth had become discolored
about 4 years previously and
bleaching with hydrogen peroxide performed.
Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a sinus
tract that traced to a resorptive
defect in the cervical area of
the tooth (Figure 1).
With the patients input and
consent a treatment plan was
devised to perform a retreatment on Tooth 11 and then surgically remove the resorptive
defect. The patient understood
that due to the position of the
defect that the prognosis was
fair.
The retreatment was initiated by removal of as much
gutta-percha as possible and
disinfecting the root canal.
Bleeding was seen from the resorptive defect. The canal and
the defect were illed with calcium hydroxide and the access
sealed with IRM (Figure 2).
Two weeks later the patient
presented asymptomatic. The
sinus tract had disappeared
and the resorptive defect was
free of active bleeding. The
retreatment was continued
and calcium hydroxide placed
into the root canal. Since the
resorptive defect was dry and
accessible, it was decided to
ill the resorptive defect with
BC putty from an internal approach (Figure 3).
When the patient returned in
another two weeks the sinus
tract was still not present, the
bioceramic was fully set and
appeared to be sealing well.
The root canal was completed
the access cavity sealed with a
bonded resin (Figure 4).
At the six month and ifteen
month follow-up the patient
was asymptomatic. Probing
was normal and sinus tract
was not present. Bony ill in of
the resorptive defect was seen
(Figure 5).
Discussion
Cervical root resorption is extremely dificult to treat. In
most cases, it requires treatment from an external approach because it is so dificult
to get a good seal between the
external surface where the resorptive tissue originates and
the inner resorptive defect.
The external approach is usually very destructive to the attachment apparatus and sometimes actually shortens the life
of the tooth.
The bioceramic putty is easy
to manipulate and was able
to low into the defect when it
was free of blood. The material
uses the body luids to set and
its slight expansion on setting
provides an excellent seal.
The superior seal and bio-active nature of the bioceramic
material explains the bone
ill into the resorptive defect
against the BC material.
references
(1) S.M. Best, A.E Porter, E.S
Thian, J Huang. Bioceramics:
Past, present and for the future. Journal of the European
Ceramic Society 28 (2008)
1319-1327.
(2) V.A. Dubok, BIOCERAMICS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW, Powder Metallurgy
and Metal Ceramics, Vol 39,
Nos 7-8, 2000.
(3) L. Hench. Bioceramics,
From Concept to Clinic, J. Am.
Ceram. Soc., 74 (7) 1487-510
(1991).
(4)K. Hickman. Bioceramics,
Internet (Overview) April 1999
(w w w.c sa.c om /d isc over yguides/archives/bioceramics.
php)
(5) Parirokh M, Torabinejad M.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: a
comprehensive literature review Part II – Leakage and biocompatibility investigations.
J Endod 2010 Feb; 36 (2): 190202
(6) Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND,
Haapasalo M. Antibacterial
activity of endodontic sealers
by modiied direct contact test
against enterococcus faecalis, J of Endod, 2009: 35 (7Z)Z:
1051-5 Parirokh M, Torabinejad M.
(7) Parirokh M, Torabinejad
M. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: a comprehensive literature review Part II – Leakage
and biocompatibility investigations. J Endod 2010 Feb; 36
(2): 190-202.
(8) Parirokh M, Torabinejad M.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: a
comprehensive literature review Part I – Chemical, physical and antibacterial properties. J Endod 2010 Jan; 36(1):
16-17.
(9) Parirokh M, Torabinejad M.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: a
comprehensive literature review Part III – Clinical applications, drawbacks and mechanisms of action. J Endod 2010
Mar; 36 (3): 400-13
(10) Belobrov I, Parashos P.
Treatment of tooth discoloration after the use of white
mineral trioxide aggregate. J
Endod. 2011 Jul;37(7):1017-20.
Contact Information
Ilya Mer BDS
Private Practice, Russia
ilya.mer@gmail.com
Martin Trope BDS, DMD
Clinical Professor, USA
martintrope@gmail.com
[3] =>
Untitled
ENDO tribuNE
Dental tribune Middle East & Africa Edition | January-February 2016
Irrigation dynamics in root canal therapy
by Prof. Anil Kishen, Canada
I
rrigation dynamics deals
with the pattern of irrigant
low, penetration, exchange
and the forces produced within
the root canal space. Current
modes of endodontic irrigation
include the traditional syringe
needle irrigation or physical
methods, such as apical negative-pressure irrigation or
sonic/ultrasonically
assisted
irrigation. Since the nature of
irrigation inluences the low
of irrigant up to the working
length (WL) and interaction of
irrigant with the canal wall, it
is mandatory to understand the
irrigation dynamics associated
with various irrigation techniques.
Endodontic irrigants are liquid
antimicrobials used to disinfect microbial bioilms within
the root canal. The process of
delivery of endodontic irrigants
within the root canal is called
irrigation. The overall objectives of root canal irrigation are
to inactivate bacterial bioilms,
inactivate endotoxins, and dissolve tissue remnants and the
smear layer (chemical effects)
in the root canals, as well as to
allow the low of irrigant entirely through the root canal
system, in order to detach the
bioilm structures and loosen
and lush out the debris from
the root canals (physical effects). While the chemical effectiveness will be inluenced
by the concentration of the antimicrobial and the duration of
action, the physical effectiveness will depend upon the ability of irrigation to generate optimum streaming forces within
the entire root canal system.
The inal eficiency of endodontic disinfection will depend
upon both chemical and physical effectiveness.[1–3] It is important to realise that even the
most powerful irrigant will be
of no use if it cannot penetrate
the apical portion of the root canal, interact with the root canal
wall and exchange frequently
within the root canal system.[1]
Syringe irrigation
Irrigation methods are categorised as positive-pressure or
negative-pressure, according
to the mode of delivery employed.[4] In positive-pressure
techniques, the pressure difference necessary for irrigant low is created between a
pressurised container (e.g. a
syringe) and the root canal. In
negative-pressure techniques,
the irrigant is delivered passively near the canal oriice and
a suction tip (negative-pressure) placed deep inside the
root canal creates a pressure
difference. The irrigant then
lows from the oriice towards
the apex, where it is evacuated.
A detailed understanding of the
irrigation dynamics associated
with syringe-based irrigation
would aid in improving its effectiveness in clinical practice.
Irrigant low during syringe
irrigation
The low of irrigants is inluenced by its physical charac-
teristics, such as density and
viscosity.[5] These properties
for the commonly used endodontic irrigants are very similar to those of distilled water.
[6, 7] The surface tension of
endodontic irrigants and its decrease by surfactants have also
been studied extensively. The
rationale of this combination
is that it may signiicantly affect (a) the irrigant penetration
into dentinal tubules and accessory root canals[8, 9] and (b)
the dissolution of pulp tissue.
[10] However, it is important to
note that surface tension would
only inluence the interface between two immiscible luids,
and not between the irrigant
and dentinal luid.[5, 11] Experiments have conirmed that
surfactants do not enhance the
ability of sodium hypochlorite
to dissolve pulp tissue[12, 13] or
the ability of chelating agents to
remove the smear layer.[14, 15]
The type of needle used has a
signiicant effect on the low
pattern formed within the root
canal, while parameters such
as depth of needle insertion
and size or taper of the prepared root canal have only a
limited inluence.[16–19] Generally, the available needles
can be classiied as closed-ended and open-ended needles. In
the case of open-ended needles
(lat, bevelled, notched), the irrigant stream is very intense
and extends apically along the
root canal. Depending upon
the root canal geometry and
the depth of needle insertion,
reverse low of irrigant occurs
near the canal wall towards the
canal oriice.
In the case of closed-ended needles (side-vented), the stream
of irrigant is formed near the
apical side of the outlet and is
directed apically. The irrigant
tends to follow a curved route
around the needle tip, towards
the coronal oriice. The low of
irrigant apical to the exit of the
needle is generally observed to
be a passive luid lowing zone
(dead zone), while the low of irrigant in the remaining aspect
of the root canal is observed to
be an active luid lowing zone
(active zone; Figs. 1a–d & 2a–d).
A series of vortices of lowing
irrigant are generated apical to
the tip. The velocity of irrigant
inside each vortex decreases
towards the apex.
Large needles when used
within the root canal hardly
penetrate beyond the coronal
half of the root canal. Currently, smaller-diameter needles
(28- or 30-gauge) have been
recommended for root canal irrigation.[20, 21] This is mainly
because of their ability to advance further up to the WL.
This facilitates better irrigant
exchange and debridement.
[22–24] In addition, the use of
a larger needle would result in
decreased space being available for the reverse low of irrigant between the needle and
the canal wall. This scenario
has been associated with (a)
an increased apical pressure
for open-ended needles and (b)
decreased irrigant refreshment
apical to the tip for closed-ended needles.[17, 19] The inluence of tooth location (mandibular, maxillary) on irrigant
low has been observed to be
minor.[16, 25]
irrigant refreshment
Irrigant exchange in the root
canal system is a key prerequisite for achieving optimum
chemical effect, because the
chemical eficacy of the irrigants are known to be rapidly
inactivated by dentine, tissue
remnants or microbes.[24, 26,
27] Investigations have explained the limitations in the
irrigant refreshment apical to
needles.[21, 28–30] Enlarging
the root canal to place the needle to a few millimetres from
the WL and ensuring adequate
space around the needle for
reverse low of the irrigant towards the canal oriice allow
effective irrigant refreshment
coronal to the needle tip.[17, 19]
Furthermore, increasing the
volume of irrigant delivered
could help to improve refreshment in such cases.[20, 31, 32]
The effect of curvature on irrigant exchange has been
studied indirectly by Nguy and
Sedgley.[33] They report that
only severe curvatures in the
order of 24–28° hampered the
low of irrigants. If the canal is
enlarged to at least size 30 or 35
and a 30-gauge lexible needle
placed near the WL is used,
then irrigant refreshment can
be expected even in severely
curved canals.
Wall shear stress
The frictional stress that occurs
between the lowing irrigant
and the canal wall is termed
“wall shear stress”. This force
is of relevance in root canal
irrigation because it tends to
detach microbial bioilm from
the root canal wall. Currently,
there is no quantitative data
on the minimum shear stress
required for the removal of
microbial bioilm from the canal wall. Yet, the nature of wall
shear stresses produced within
the root canals during irrigation provides an indication of
the mechanical debridement
eficacy.
In open-ended needles, an area
of increased shear wall stresses
develops apical to the needle
tips, while in closed-ended
needles, a higher maximum
shear stress is generated near
their tips, on the wall facing
the needle outlet.[34] Thus, in
open- and closed-ended needles, optimum debridement
is expected near the tip of the
needle.[16, 34] Consequently, it
is necessary to move the needle
inside the root canal, so that the
limited area of high wall shear
stress involves as much of the
root canal wall as possible.
The maximum shear stress
decreases with an increase in
canal size or taper. Thus, overzealous root canal enlargement
above a certain size or taper
could diminish the debridement eficacy of irrigation
(Figs. 1a–d & 2a–d).
Enhancing irrigation dynamics using physical irrigation
methods
Fluid dynamics studies on apical negative-pressure irrigation have demonstrated maximum apical penetration of the
irrigant, without any irrigant
extrusion. This inding highlights the ability of apical negative-pressure irrigation to be
safely used at the WL, circumventing the issues of vapour
lock effect.[35] Nonetheless, the
apical negative-pressure irrigation produced the lowest wall
shear stress. This decrease in
the wall shear stress could be
attributed in part to the reduction in the low rate with this
irrigation system.
Passive ultrasonically assisted
irrigation, when compared
with other irrigation methods,
showed the highest wall shear
stress along the root canal wall,
with the highest turbulence
intensity travelling coronal
from the ultrasonic tip position. The lateral movement of
the irrigant displayed by this
method has important implications with respect to its ability to permit better interaction
between the irrigant and the
root canal wall, and to potentially enhance the interaction
of irrigants with intra-canal
bioilms[2, 3, 35] (Figs. 1a–d &
2a–d).
Conclusion
The requirements of adequate
irrigant penetration, irrigant
exchange, mechanical effect
and minimum risk of apical
extrusion oppose each other
and a subtle equilibrium is required during irrigation. Ideally, in a canal enlarged to size
30 or 35 and taper 0.04 or 0.06,
an open-ended needle should
be placed 2 or 3 mm short of the
WL to ensure adequate irrigant
exchange and high wall shear
stress, while reducing the risk
of extrusion.
In the case of a closed-ended
needle, placement should be
within 1 mm short of the WL,
so that optimum irrigant exchange can be ensured. The
apical negative-pressure irrigation did not generate marked
wall shear stress values, but
allowed the low of irrigant
consistently up to the WL. It
was the safest mode of irrigation when used close to the WL.
The passive ultrasonically assisted irrigation generated the
highest wall shear stress. The
use of combined methods to obtain optimum disinfection and
to circumvent the limitations of
one method is recommended.
Editorial note: A list of references is available from the publisher.
Figs. 1a: Velocity magnitude of irrigation showing the extent of dead zone.
With the open-ended needle tip (a), the
velocity progressively decreased 1.5 mm
apical from the tip.
With the side-vented needle tip (b), there
was a much lower velocity than with
the open-ended tip, and it extended only
0.5 mm.
With the apical negative-pressure irrigation (c), there was a constant velocity
slightly higher than the side-vented needle irrigation that was constant as the
irrigant moved coronally.
The ultrasonically assisted irrigation
(d) showed the highest magnitude of velocity, constant to at least 3 mm coronal
to the tip placement.[35]
Figs. 2a: Time-averaged distribution
of shear stress on the root canal wall
showing a more uniform distribution
on the canal wall with the open-ended
needle tip (a).
The side-vented needle tip (b) showed a
localised region with a high amount of
shear stress...
... while there was not an observable level with the EndoVac irrigation (Kerr; c).
The ultrasonically assisted irrigation
(d) displayed the highest levels of shear
stress over the greatest area of the canal
wall.[35]
[4] =>
Untitled
4b ENDO tribuNE
Dental tribune Middle East & Africa Edition | January-February 2016
FKG Dentaire: Advocating for more conservative
and successful endodontic treatment
by FKG
D
ubAi, uAE: Cutting
edge
endo
instruments and continuous
investments in Research and
Development has resulted in
booming FKG Dentaire sales
globally. Thinking out of the
box, willing to create a new
path in conservative dentistry
and focusing on the interests of
both the patient and the dentist
has led to the latest launch of
vanguard endodontic iles: XPendo Finisher and BT-Apisafe.
Thse new instruments allow
the practitioner to conserve
root dentine while at the same
time ensuring optimal bioilm
removal.
In order to help practitioners
optimise their skills and utilize these new technologies
developed by its engineers and
top endodontists, FKG Dentaire has set-up several Training Centers around the globe.
The irst one opened in Dubai
(UAE) in 2013, as well as the
one in Oslo (Norway) in partnership with Dr Gilberto Debelian (Endo’Inn), followed by La
Chaux-de-Fonds (Switzerland)
in 2014. The latest training cen-
ter was inaugurated last year in
Mexico (Tutores Dentales).
In 2016, following the success
of the training center in Dubai
and the desire to increase its
teaching capacity, FKG Dentaire has decided to upgrade its
Dubai Center. In addition to an
increased number of work stations, partnerships have been
established with other leading endodontic manufacturers
like Global Microscope, B&L as
well as several other world renowned dental companies.
The Dubai Center started its
2016 activities by receiving
groups of dentists and endodontists from Greece and Poland trained by Dr Bartosz Cerkaski (Poland) and Dr Andreas
Krokidis (Greece).
Partnerships have been created with different continuing
education organizations like
CAPPMEA (UAE), Next Level
Endodontics (Pr Martin Trope
and University of Pennsylvania faculty (USA)) and others to
organize specialized trainings
to it to the level of any dentist
willing to push his/her knowledge and improve outcomes.
The next date to save is the
AEEDC (2-4 February 2016)
BT-Apisafe ISO25
Alexandre Mulhauser, Middle East, Africa and India Director
held in Dubai. FKG Dentaire
will have a major stand on the
Swiss Pavilion (Booth N° 8E10)
and has brought top endodontic
lecturers to Dubai !
• On February 2nd, Pr Martin
Trope will lecture on “Modern
Endodontics: Theory to Practice“ and will do a three hour
Advanced Specialty Course.
• On February 3rd, Pr Martin
Trope and Pr Roger Rebeiz will
discuss in a joint lecture apical
limit, apical enlargement, canal shape and obturation technics.
• On February 4th, Pr Roger
Rebeiz will lecture on “Treating infected root canals and
periradicular radiolucent lesions” and will do a three hour
XP-endo Finisher
Advanced Specialty Course.
Pr Roger Rebeiz (Lebanon), Dr
Mohammed Mahmoud Ibrahim (Egypt) and Dr Diane Farhang (UAE) will alternately
lead hourly free workshops to
demonstrate the unique properties of FKG’s latest endodontic instruments at the FKG Dentaire Booth.
Pr Roger Rebeiz
Dental professionals who desire to be informed of FKG Dentaire new products and events,
or eager to join our Endo trainings can visit www.fkg.ch and
follow FKG Facebook page
www.facebook.com/FKGDentaire
Pr Martin Trope
FKG Dubai Training Center opens
to Eastern European and Greek clients
Contact Information
byDentaltribuneMEA/CAPPmea
D
ubAi, uAE: FKG Dentaire Middle East, Africa and India ofice
welcomed 30 Endodontists
all the way from Poland and
Greece for two days in Dubai.
A combination between high
level endo-training and leisure
as the attendees were invited
by Magdalena Uhlmann, FKG
Area Sales Manager Eastern
Europe, Balkans and Scandinavia together with distributors Multidental-Med (Poland)
and Dental Expert (Greece).
The Swiss manufacturer is famous for the development and
production of dental products
for dentists, endodontists, and
laboratories. Founded in from
the heart of the watchmaking
industry in Switzerland, FKG
has a reputation for top quality products which includes
various international certiications.
On 13th of January 2016, the
regional MEA team led by Alexandre Mulhauser (Middle
East, Africa and India Director)
and Olivia Mulhauser (MEA
and India Ofice Manager &
Sales Assistant) hosted a group
of 30 dental professionals from
Poland and Greece who were
invited to a FKG dedicated and
tailor-made event organized
by Magdalena Uhlmann as
well as Multidental-Med and
Dental Expert.
The program of the delegation included two speaker
presentations by Dr. Andreas
Krokidis who lectured as part
1 of the morning session on “I
Race: From glide path to 3-D
obturation in a predictable and
safe way”. Dr. Bartosz Cerkaski, Poland lectured the second
part of the morning session
on “NiTi Sequences selection
strategies for safe and precise
root canal preparation and obturation”. The afternoon session followed, with a hands-on
course on the iRace, BT-Race
and TotalFillR BC SealerTM
provided by the expertise of
both lecturers and clinicians,
Dr. Bartosz Cerkaski and Dr.
Andreas Krokidis.
Finally, Thursday 14th of January 2016, concluded the 2-day
endo-training, with a yacht
trip out into the waters, organized by the FKG team as a
thank you for participation to
the two groups and lecturers.
Alexandre Mulhauser
Middle East, Africa and India
Director
a.mulhauser@fkg.ch
M +971 52 765 8888
Boat Trip
The full group from Greece and Poland
Afternoon Session Hands-On course
Olivia Mulhauser
Left to right Magdalena Uhlmann, Dr. Andreas Krokidis and Dr. Bartosz Cerkasi
Dr. Andreas Krokidis
Fully equipped Training facilities in
the FKG Training Center in Dubai
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